50,155
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Knrawi: Difference between revisions
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→Reportative evidentials
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====Reportative evidentials==== | ====Reportative evidentials==== | ||
Reportative clauses are marked with ''- | Reportative clauses are marked with ''tj-'' unless the source person is the speaker or listener, closely related to the speaker, divine (especially a god or god-king), or well-known by the speaker, where particles bearing the verb's tone are used. | ||
Speaker and listener sources use ''tjaq'' and ''tjer'' respectively. Closely related source particles mark generation relative to the speaker: ''tjim'' for sources one or more generations younger, ''tjaa'' for sources of the same generation, ''pjugi'' for sources one generation older, and ''tjew'' for sources two or more generations older; divine sources also use ''tjew''. Well-known, non-closely/directly related sources use ''pjuiu''. In some regions ''pjuiu'' can also be used for sources well-known to the listener. | Speaker and listener sources use ''tjaq'' and ''tjer'' respectively. Closely related source particles mark generation relative to the speaker: ''tjim'' for sources one or more generations younger, ''tjaa'' for sources of the same generation, ''pjugi'' for sources one generation older, and ''tjew'' for sources two or more generations older; divine sources also use ''tjew''. Well-known, non-closely/directly related sources use ''pjuiu''. In some regions ''pjuiu'' can also be used for sources well-known to the listener. | ||