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TolsianR: Difference between revisions
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====Verbs==== | ====Verbs==== | ||
There are two main classes of verbs : those whose stem ends in a vowel, and those whose stem ends in a consonant. Verbs ending with an -''a'' or an -''i'' usually just take an -''r'' to form the infinitive, while the other ones usually take a -''ƃ'' /bɾa/. Verbs agree in person, animatedness and number with their subject. There are formally seven persons in TolsianR : first singular, second singular, third singular, first plural, second plural, third plural, and the "polite" second person used in formal contexts for which number is neutralized. | There are two main classes of verbs : (A) those whose stem ends in a vowel, and (B) those whose stem ends in a consonant. Verbs ending with an -''a'' or an -''i'' usually just take an -''r'' to form the infinitive, while the other ones usually take a -''ƃ'' /bɾa/. Verbs agree in person, animatedness and number with their subject. There are formally seven persons in TolsianR : first singular, second singular, third singular, first plural, second plural, third plural, and the "polite" second person used in formal contexts for which number is neutralized. | ||
Verbs are inflected for person, mood, tense, and animatedness. There are four moods : indicative, subjunctive, conditional, and so-called "absolute" (gnomic). The indicative mood splits into four tenses : present, imperfect past, perfect past, and future. There are also a present partitive and a past partitive, especially used for progressive aspect and passive voice, respectively. | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
! !! Class A Animate Gender !! Class A Inanimate Gender | |||
|- | |||
| Indicative Present || stemV-∅ ; stemV-s ; stemV-t ; stemV-m ; stemV-ts ; stemV-n ; stemV-ne || stem-jV ; stem-jVs ; stem-jVt ; stem-jVm ; stem-jVts ; stem-jVn ; stemV-je | |||
|- | |||
| Indicative Imperfect Past || stem-(i)tV ; stem-(i)tVs ; stem-(i)tVt ; stem-(i)tVmo ; stem-(i)tVts ; stem-(i)tVn ; stem-(i)tVne || stem-(i)tʃV ; stem-(i)tʃVs ; stem-(i)tʃVt ; stem-(i)tʃVmo ; stem-(i)tʃVts ; stem-(i)tʃVn ; stem-(i)tVje | |||
|- | |||
| Indicative Perfect Past || stem-(i)fV ; stem-(i)fVs ; stem-(i)fVt ; stem-(i)fVmo ; stem-(i)fVti ; stem-(i)fVn ; stem-(i)fVne || stem-(i)fjV ; stem-(i)fjVs ; stem-(i)fjVt ; stem-(i)fjVmo ; stem-(i)fjVti ; stem-(i)fjVn ; stem-(i)fVje | |||
|- | |||
| Indicative Future || stem-(i)rV ; stem-(i)rVs ; stem-(i)rVt ; stem-(i)rVmo ; stem-(i)rVti ; stem-(i)rVn ; stem-(i)rVne || stem-(i)rjV ; stem-(i)rjVs ; stem-(i)rjVt ; stem-(i)rjVmo ; stem-(i)rjVti ; stem-(i)rjVn ; stem-(i)rVje | |||
|- | |||
| Subjunctive || stemV-ko ; stemV-kos ; stemV-kot ; stemV-komus ; stemV-kotis ; stemV-kona ; stemV-ke || stemV-kjo ; stemV-kjos ; stemV-kjot ; stemV-kjomus ; stemV-kjotis ; stemV-kjona ; stemV-kje | |||
|- | |||
| Conditional || stemV-no ; stemV-nos ; stemV-not ; stemV-nomus ; stemV-notis ; stemV-nona ; stemV-ne || stemV-jo ; stemV-jos ; stemV-jot ; stemV-jomus ; stemV-jotis ; stemV-jona ; stemV-je | |||
|- | |||
| Absolute (Gnomic) || stemV-jo ; stemV-jos ; stemV-jot ; stemV-jof ; stemV-joz ; stemV-jon ; stemV-je || stemV-joh ; stemV-joθ ; stemV-jot̚ ; stemV-joɸ ; stemV-joʒ ; stemV-jowi ; stemV-joð ; stemV-joː | |||
|} | |||
====Adjectives==== | ====Adjectives==== | ||