1,073
edits
Liðakuin: Difference between revisions
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
→Morphology
| Line 353: | Line 353: | ||
<!-- How do the words in your language look? How do you derive words from others? Do you have cases? Are verbs inflected? Do nouns differ from adjectives? Do adjectives differ from verbs? Etc. --> | <!-- How do the words in your language look? How do you derive words from others? Do you have cases? Are verbs inflected? Do nouns differ from adjectives? Do adjectives differ from verbs? Etc. --> | ||
===Nouns=== | ===Nouns=== | ||
Liðakuin nouns have one of three genders: masculine, feminine, or neuter. | Liðakuin nouns have one of three genders: masculine, feminine, or neuter. Nouns decline based on this as well as one of several declension classes, named after the nominative ending: | ||
* '''1''': ur class; masculine nominative nouns end in -ur, feminine nominative nouns end in -un, and neuter nominative nouns end in -us. | |||
* '''2''': ing class; masculine nominative nouns end in -i, feminine and neuter nominative nouns end in -ing. This class is sometimes referred to as the "neuter-neutralizing class" as neuter declension 2 nouns are usually identical to feminine declension 2 nouns. | |||
* '''3''': a/ar class; nominative nouns end in one of those two endings. Generally a noun ending in -ar in class 3 is neuter, while a noun ending in -a in class 3 is feminine, but nouns with either ending of any of the three grammatical genders are still considered class 3, as the declension pattern only depends on if there is an ''r'' after the ''a'' or not. | |||
* '''4''': -n(n) class; masculine nominative nouns end in -n or -nn, and neuter nominative nouns generally end in -nt. Feminine nominative nouns may end in -n, -nn, or -na, but despite ending in -a, the rest of the forms of such nouns will not decline as if they were class 3 nouns. | |||
** '''4a''': nouns in this sub-class do conjugate for plurality by adding an -s (-us in nominative) to the end of the word. | |||
** '''4b''': nouns in this sub-class do not conjugate for plurality, and have the same form in singular and plural forms. As this sub-class is larger than sub-class 4a, often sub-class 4b is considered simply "class 4", with sub-class 4a nouns being considered exceptions. | |||
* '''5''': sonorant class; nouns in this class end in -l, -r, -hl, -hr, or -m in their nominative and accusative forms. The other forms do not care which of the above sounds ends the word, solely that it is one of those five sounds. While nouns of any gender can have any of the class 5 nominative endings, -hr is more commonly associated with neuter, while -m is more commonly associated with masculine. | |||
* '''6''': hard nouns, so-named for the final sound many nouns in this class have in their roots. Any noun whose nominative form ends in a stop or fricative is almost certainly declension class 6, but nouns ending in vowels can still readily occur in declension 6, it is simply that, for vowel-ending nouns, declension 6 looks more like an irregular case of declension 1. Class 6 is often separated into subclasses based on the number of vowels present. These are solely for phonotactics, however, with a ''k'' being added before the ending for declension 6 nouns that end in a vowel in their accusative case, as Liðakuin avoids hiatus wherever possible. | |||
===Verbs=== | ===Verbs=== | ||