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Rokadong: Difference between revisions
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Rokadong is generally described as mora-timed, with short vowels and coda sonorants each providing one mora to the syllable, and long vowels and diphthongs providing two moras. However, timing may sway toward syllable-timing in certain dialects and speaking styles. Particularly for Sanenyandoka, the dialect most well-known for syllable timing, this phenomenon is known as "raisendoka" (literally "gun speech"). | Rokadong is generally described as mora-timed, with short vowels and coda sonorants each providing one mora to the syllable, and long vowels and diphthongs providing two moras. However, timing may sway toward syllable-timing in certain dialects and speaking styles. Particularly for Sanenyandoka, the dialect most well-known for syllable timing, this phenomenon is known as "raisendoka" (literally "gun speech"). | ||
===Stress=== | ===Stress and pitch=== | ||
Rokadong is a dynamic-accent language. | Rokadong is a dynamic-accent language. Accented syllables may be both louder and pitched up compared to unaccented syllables. For the rest of this section, the volume part will be referred to as "stress" and the pitch part will be referred to as "pitch". Accent is phonemic in Rokadong. | ||
Stress is usually on the syllable containing the penultimate mora. As such, the ultimate syllable receives the | Stress is usually on the syllable containing the penultimate mora. As such, the ultimate syllable usually receives the stress if it is closed or has a long vowel, else the penultimate syllable does. In compounded words, only the final accented syllable is stressed. Since morphemes are comprised of up to three syllables, this is generally described as stress falling on one of the last three syllables of a word. | ||
Rokadong does have pitch accent to some degree, however, usually the stressed syllable is also the one that begins a pitch accent (that is, its pitch is heightened). The difference, however, is that pitch will affect the next vowel if the vowel of the accented syllable is short, as the entire accented mora will have high pitch, the pitch only falling on the subsequent mora (which may be another syllable). Additionally, in compounded morphemes (where a word consists of two or more morphemes), the pitch part will not be neutralized, even though the stress will almost always be neutralized. Instead, compound words generally only contain one pitch-change (that is, once the first pitch-accented mora is reached, the pitch stays high until the final pitch-accented mora), though some words will receive the pitch accents they would normally have as single words, which is randomly distributed. Some morphemes, usually those that are monosyllabic, will not have any pitch accent whatsoever, and are referred to as ''nikjairi'' (zero sound). | |||
In the Contionary sections on Rokadong, syllables that receive a pitch but not stress will be marked as secondary stress. | |||
===Phonotactics=== | ===Phonotactics=== | ||