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Guimin (view source)

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{{Infobox language
{{Infobox language
|image            = Guimin flag.jpg
|name              = Guimin
|name              = Guimin
|nativename        = гӯймин
|nativename        = гӯймин
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{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Guimin alphabet
|+ Guimin Cyrillic alphabet
|-
|-
! А а !! А̄ а̄ !! Ав ав !! А̄в а̄в !! Авъ авъ !! А̄въ а̄въ !! Ай ай !! А̄й а̄й !! Айъ айъ !! А̄йъ а̄йъ
! А а !! А̄ а̄ !! Ав ав !! А̄в а̄в !! Авъ авъ !! А̄въ а̄въ !! Ай ай !! А̄й а̄й !! Айъ айъ !! А̄йъ а̄йъ
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| /ɑ/ || /ɑː/ || /ɑu/ || /ɑuː/ || /ɑuˤ/ || /ɑuˤː/ || /ɑi/ || /ɑiː/ || /ɑiˤ/ || /ɑiˤː/
| /ɑ/ || /ɑː/ || /ɑu/ || /ɑuː/ || /ɑuˤ/ || /ɑuˤː/ || /ɑi/ || /ɑiː/ || /ɑiˤ/ || /ɑiˤː/
|-
|-
! Б б !! В в !! Г г !! Гъ гъ !! Гь гь !! Д д !! Дж дж !! Дз дз !! Е е !! Е̄ е̄
! Б б !! В в !! Г г !! Гъ гъ !! Гь гь !! Д д !! Дж дж !! Дз дз !! Э э !! Э̄ э̄
|-
|-
| /b/ || /w/ || /g/ || /ʁ/ || /h/ || /d/ || /d͡ʒ/ || /d͡z/ || /je/ || /jeː/
| /b/ || /w/ || /g/ || /ʁ/ || /h/ || /d/ || /d͡ʒ/ || /d͡z/ || /e/ || /eː/
|-
|-
! Ё ё !! Ё̄ ё̄ !! Ж ж !! З з !! И и !! Ӣ ӣ !! Иъ иъ !! Ӣъ ӣъ !! Й й !! К к
! Ё ё !! Ё̄ ё̄ !! Ж ж !! З з !! И и !! Ӣ ӣ !! Иъ иъ !! Ӣъ ӣъ !! Й й !! К к
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| /t͡sʼ/ || /t͡sʼː/ || /t͡ʃ/ || /t͡ʃː/ || /t͡ʃʼ/ || /t͡ʃʼː/ || /ʃ/ || /ʃː/ || /ʃː/ || /ɨ/
| /t͡sʼ/ || /t͡sʼː/ || /t͡ʃ/ || /t͡ʃː/ || /t͡ʃʼ/ || /t͡ʃʼː/ || /ʃ/ || /ʃː/ || /ʃː/ || /ɨ/
|-
|-
! Ы̄ ы̄ !! Ыъ ыъ !! Ы̄ъ ы̄ъ !! Э э !! Э̄ э̄ !! Ю ю !! Ю̄ ю̄ !! Юъ юъ !! Ю̄ъ ю̄ъ !! Я я
! Ы̄ ы̄ !! Ыъ ыъ !! Ы̄ъ ы̄ъ !! Ӏ ӏ !! Ә ә !! Ә̄ ә̄ !! Әъ әъ !! Ә̄ъ ә̄ъ !! Әв әв !! Ә̄в ә̄в
|-
|-
| /ɨː/ || /ɨˤ/ || /ɨˤː/ || /e/ || /eː/ || /ju/ || /juː/ || /juˤ/ || /juˤː/ || /jɑ/
| /ɨː/ || /ɨˤ/ || /ɨˤː/ || /ʔ/ || /æ/ || /æː/ || /æˤ/ || /æˤː/ || /æu/ || /æuː/
|-
|-
! Я̄ я̄ !! Ӏ ӏ !! Ә ә !! Ә̄ ә̄ !! Әъ әъ !! Ә̄ъ ә̄ъ !! Әв әв !! Ә̄в ә̄в !! Әвъ әвъ !! Ә̄въ ә̄въ
! Әвъ әвъ !! Ә̄въ ә̄въ !! Әй әй !! Ә̄й ә̄й !! Әйъ әйъ !! Ә̄йъ ә̄йъ
|-
|-
| /jɑː/ || /ʔ/ || /æ/ || /æː/ || /æˤ/ || /æˤː/ || /æu/ || /æuː/ || /æuˤ/ || /æuˤː/
| /æuˤ/ || /æuˤː/ || /æi/ || /æiː/ || /æiˤ/ || /æiˤː/
|}
*⟨й⟩+⟨а,э,у⟩ (including other letters and digraphs containing ⟨а,э,у⟩) have combining forms ⟨я,е,ю⟩.
*⟨щ⟩ only occurs in Russian loanwords.
 
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Latin Guimin
|-
! A a !! Ā ā !! Ä ä !! Ǟ ǟ !! B b !! C c !! Cc cc !! C' c' !! Cc' cc' !! Č č
|-
| /ɑ/ || /ɑː/ || /æ/ || /æː/ || /b/ || /t͡s/ || /t͡sː/ || /t͡sʼ/ || /t͡sʼː/ || /t͡ʃ/
|-
! Čč čč !! Č' č' !! Čč' čč' !! D d !! E e !! Ē ē !! F f !! Ff ff !! G g !! Ğ ğ
|-
| /t͡ʃː/ || /t͡ʃʼ/ || /t͡ʃʼː/ || /d/ || /e/ || /eː/ || /f/ || /fː/ || /g/ || /ʁ/
|-
! H h !! I i !! Ī ī !! J j !! K k !! Kk kk !! K' k' !! Kk' kk' !! L l !! Ł ł
|-
| /h/ || /i/ || /iː/ || /j, i̯/ || /k/ || /kː/ || /kʼ/ || /kʼː/ || /l/ || /ɬ/
|-
! Łł łł !! M m !! N n !! O o !! Ō ō !! P p !! Pp pp !! P' p' !! Pp' pp' !! Q q
|-
| /ɬː/ || /m/ || /n/ || /o/ || /oː/ || /p/ || /pː/ || /pʼ/ || /pʼː/ || /qː/
|-
! Q' q' !! R r !! Rh rh !! Rr rr !! S s !! Ss ss !! Š š !! Šš šš !! T t !! Tt tt
|-
| /qʼː/ || /r/ || /r̥/ || /r̥ː/ || /s/ || /sː/ || /ʃ/ || /ʃː/ || /t/ || /tː/
|-
! T' t' !! Tt' tt' !! Tł tł !! Tłł tłł !! Tł' tł' !! Tłł' tłł' !! U u !! Ū ū !! W w !! X x
|-
| /tʼ/ || /tʼː/ || /t͡ɬ/ || /t͡ɬː/ || /t͡ɬʼ/ || /t͡ɬʼː/ || /u/ || /uː/ || /w, u̯/ || /x/
|-
|-
! Әй әй !! Ә̄й ә̄й !! Әйъ әйъ !! Ә̄йъ ә̄йъ
! Xx xx !! X̌ x̌ !! Y y !! Ȳ ȳ !! Z z !! Ž ž !! Ʒ ʒ !! Ǯ ǯ !! ʔ !! ◌ˤ
|-
|-
| /æi/ || /æiː/ || /æiˤ/ || /æiˤː/
| /xː/ || /χː/ || /ɨ/ || /ɨː/ || /z/ || /ʒ/ || /d͡z/ || /d͡ʒ/ || /ʔ/ || /ˤ/
|}
|}
*⟨щ⟩ only occurs in Russian loanwords.
 
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Arabic Guimin
|-
! آ !! آو !! آوع !! آي !! آيع !! ئ !! ا !! او !! اي !! ب
|-
| /ɑ, ɑː/ || /ɑu, ɑuː/ || /ɑuˤ, ɑuˤː/ || /ɑi, ɑiː/ || /ɑiˤ, ɑiˤː/ || /ʔ/ || /æ, æː/ || /æu, æuː/ || /æi, æiː/ || /b/
|-
! ت !! تّ !! ج !! ڃ !! ڃّ !! چ !! چّ !! ح !! خ !! خّ
|-
| /t/ || /tː/ || /d͡ʒ, ʒ/ || /t͡ʃʼ/ || /t͡ʃʼː/ || /t͡ʃ/ || /t͡ʃː/ || /χː/ || /x/ || /xː/
|-
! څ !! د !! ر !! رّ !! ز !! س !! سّ !! ش !! شّ !! ص
|-
| /qː/ || /d/ || /r̥, r/ || /r̥ː/ || /d͡z, z/ || /s/ || /sː/ || /ʃ/ || /ʃː/ || /t͡s/
|-
! صّ !! ض !! ضّ !! ڝ !! ڝّ !! ط !! طّ !! ع !! عو !! عي
|-
| /t͡sː/ || /t͡sʼ/ || /t͡sʼː/ || /ɬ/ || /ɬː/ || /tʼ/ || /tʼː/ || /æˤ, æˤː/ || /æuˤ, æuˤː/ || /æiˤ, æiˤː/
|-
! غ !! ف !! فّ !! ڣ !! ڣّ !! ق !! ڨ !! ڨّ !! ك !! كّ
|-
| /ʁ/ || /p, f/ || /pː, fː/ || /pʼ/ || /pʼː/ || /qʼː/ || /t͡ɬʼ/ || /t͡ɬʼː/ || /k/ || /kː/
|-
! گ !! ࢰ !! ࢰّ !! ل !! ڸ !! ڸّ !! م !! ن !! ە !! و
|-
| /g/ || /kʼ/ || /kʼː/ || /l/ || /t͡ɬ/ || /t͡ɬː/ || /m/ || /n/ || /h/ || /w, u, uː/
|-
! وع !! ۈ !! ي !! يع !! ێ !! ێع !! ې
|-
| /uˤ, uˤː/ || /o, oː/ || /j, i, iː/ || /iˤ, iˤː/ || /ɨ, ɨː/ || /ɨˤ, ɨˤː/ || /e, eː/
|}
*Arabic and Persian loanwords may instead be written as in the original language unadapted.
 
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Mkhedruli Guimin (credit to Discord user @leikaisho)
|-
! ა !! ა̈ !! აჲ !! ა̈ჲ !! ავ !! ა̈ვ !! ბ !! გ !! დ
|-
| /ɑ/ || /æ/ || /ɑi/ || /æi/ || /ɑu/ || /æu/ || /b/ || /g/ || /d/
|-
! ე !! ზ !! თ !! თჺ !! ი !! ი̈ !! კ !! ლ !! მ
|-
| /e/ || /z/ || /t/ || /t͡ɬ/ || /i/ || /ɨ/ || /kʼ/ || /l/ || /m/
|-
! ნ !! ჲ !! ო !! პ !! ჟ !! რ !! ს !! ტ !! ტჺ
|-
| /n/ || /j/ || /o/ || /pʼ/ || /ʒ/ || /r/ || /s/ || /tʼ/ || /t͡ɬʼ/
|-
! ვ !! უ !! ფ !! ქ !! ყ !! შ !! ჩ !! ც !! ძ
|-
| /w/ || /u/ || /p/ || /k/ || /qʼː/ || /ʃ/ || /t͡ʃ/ || /t͡s/ || /d͡z/
|-
! წ !! ჭ !! ხ !! ჴ !! ჯ !! ჰ !! ღ !! ჶ !! ჸ
|-
| /t͡sʼ/ || /t͡ʃʼ/ || /χː/ || /qː/ || /d͡ʒ/ || /h/ || /ʁ/ || /f/ || /ʔ/
|-
! ჹ !! ჺ !! ჿ !! ◌̄ !! ◌◌ !! ◌ჾ
|-
| /ɬ/ || /x/ || /r̥/ || /Vː/ || /Cː/ || /ˤ/
|}
*/t͡ɬː, t͡ɬʼː/ are doubled as ⟨თთჺ, ტტჺ⟩; /qː, qʼː, χː/ are not doubled.


==Phonology==
==Phonology==
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|-
|-
! colspan="2" | [[w:Approximant|Approximant]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Approximant|Approximant]]
| || colspan="2" | || colspan="2" | || l || || j
| || colspan="2" | || colspan="2" | || [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant|l]] || || [[w:Voiced palatal approximant|j]]
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | [[w:Trill consonant|Trill]]
! rowspan="2" | [[w:Trill consonant|Trill]]
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*/ʔ, d͡z, f, fː/ only occur in loanwords.
*/ʔ, d͡z, f, fː/ only occur in loanwords.
*/n/ assimilates in place of articulation to following stops.
*Consonants except /f, fː, j/ are pharyngealized adjacent to pharyngealized vowels and other pharyngealized consonants.
*Consonants except /f, fː, j/ are pharyngealized adjacent to pharyngealized vowels and other pharyngealized consonants.
**Pharyngealization of trills is optional and varies by speaker.
**Pharyngealization of trills is optional and varies by speaker.
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*Voiceless and non-geminated ejective stops may be lightly aspirated and ejected.
*Voiceless and non-geminated ejective stops may be lightly aspirated and ejected.
*Word-initial geminated consonants may be realized as strongly aspirated or ejected.
*Word-initial geminated consonants may be realized as strongly aspirated or ejected.
*/l/ is in free variation with [ɫ], especially for younger speakers.
**Word-initial /qː, qʼː, χː/ are realized as [q, qʼ, χ].
*/w/ is in free variation with [v] except before rounded vowels.
*/l/ and [lˤ] are in free variation with [ɫ], especially for younger speakers.
**/w/ and [wˤ] before rounded vowels are realized as [v].
*/w/ is in free variation with [v] except before rounded vowels and /j/.
**/w/ and [wˤ] before rounded vowels and /j/ are realized as [v].


===Vowels===
===Vowels===
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===Phonotactics===
===Phonotactics===
Guimin has a maximum syllable structure of CCVCC. consonant-/m, n, l, r/ clusters cannot occur word-initially.
Guimin has a maximum syllable structure of CCVCC. C[C,!{w,j}] clusters cannot occur word-initially.


==Morphology==
==Morphology==
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Cases are split into absolutive (including genitive 1) and oblique. Genitive 1 and 2 are used with absolutive and absolutive (not including genitive 1) head nouns respectively. Some nouns also have suppletive oblique stems.
Cases are split into absolutive (including genitive 1) and oblique. Genitive 1 and 2 are used with absolutive and absolutive (not including genitive 1) head nouns respectively. Some nouns also have suppletive oblique stems.
Some nouns also mark


{| style="background: none"
{| style="background: none"
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|}
|}
|}
|}
The core arguments of the copula are both variably marked as equative or absolutive; this does not apply when the ''to be'' is used in non-copular constructions, in which case ergative and absolutive marking are used as usual.


====Demonstratives and pronouns====
====Demonstratives and pronouns====
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|-
|-
! {{gcl|GEN1|genitive 1}}
! {{gcl|GEN1|genitive 1}}
| тӏәш || тӏәшә̄м || тӏәшэ̄с || тӏэ̄сә̄м || тӏәш || тӏәшә̄м || rowspan="2"| сив
| сәтиъ || тӏэ̄тиъ || сэ̄тиъ || тӏэ̄ттиъ || тӏәттиъ || тӏэ̄тиъ || rowspan="2"| сив
|-
|-
! {{gcl|GEN2|genitive 2}}
! {{gcl|GEN2|genitive 2}}
| сәтиъ || тӏэ̄тиъ || сэ̄тиъ || тӏэ̄ттиъ || тӏәттиъ || тӏэ̄тиъ
| тӏәш || тӏәшә̄м || тӏәшэ̄с || тӏэ̄сә̄м || тӏәш || тӏәшә̄м
|-
|-
! {{gcl|DAT}}
! {{gcl|DAT}}
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|-
|-
! pluperfect
! pluperfect
| verb.{{gcl|PRF}} || be.{{gcl|IPFV}}.{{gcl|PST}}/{{gcl|NPST}}
| verb.{{gcl|PRF}} || be.{{gcl|IPFV}}.{{gcl|NPST}}
|-
|-
! discontinuous
! discontinuous
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=====Questions=====
=====Questions=====
Questions are marked either with interrogative proforms or an interrogative verb suffix: ''-ма'' for polar questions, and ''-май'' for mediative questions.
Questions are marked either with interrogative proforms or an interrogative verb suffix: ''-ма'' for polar questions, and ''-май'' for mediative and rhetorical questions.


====Verb affix order====
====Verb affix order====
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! negation !! пӏә- "un-"/<br>двиъ- "re-"
! negation !! пӏә- "un-"/<br>двиъ- "re-"
| stem
| verb<br>stem
! valency<br>modifier !! reciprocal !! mood !! converb !! question !! gerund/<br>agentivizer
! valency<br>modifier !! reciprocal !! mood !! converb !! question !! gerund/<br>agentivizer
|}
|}
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Adjectives agree with their head noun in case, number, and gender.
Adjectives agree with their head noun in case, number, and gender.


(inflection tables here)
{| class="IPA wikitable"
! colspan="7"| First declension
|-
! rowspan="2"| !! colspan="2"| {{gcl|M}} !! colspan="2"| {{gcl|F}} !! colspan="2"| {{gcl|N}}
|-
! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}} !! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}} !! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}}
|-
! {{gcl|ABS}}
| тӏ(ә)- || -әм || ццӏ(а)- || rowspan="2"| -э̄с || с(ә)- || rowspan="2"| -ә̄с
|-
! {{gcl|ERG}}
| -әс || -эс || -э̄ || -әс
|-
! {{gcl|GEN1|genitive 1}}
| -итиъ || -әмтиъ || -э̄тиъ || -э̄мтиъ || -әтиъ || -әгьиъ
|-
! {{gcl|GEN2|genitive 2}}
| -әш || -ә̄м || -э̄с || -э̄м || -исәс || -исә̄м
|-
! {{gcl|DAT}}
| -э || -әмәс || -ӣъ || -э̄мәс || -исӣ || -исмәс
|-
! {{gcl|INSTR}}
| -ә̄ || -э̄с || -эхъ || -э̄биъ || -исс || -иппиъ
|-
! {{gcl|COM}}
| colspan="2"| -әми || colspan="2"| -э̄ми || colspan="2"| -ими
|-
! {{gcl|EQ|equative}}
| colspan="2"| -әсы || colspan="2"| -э̄сы || colspan="2"| -исы
|}
{| class="IPA wikitable"
! colspan="7"| Second declension
|-
! rowspan="2"| !! colspan="2"| {{gcl|M}} !! colspan="2"| {{gcl|F}} !! colspan="2"| {{gcl|N}}
|-
! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}} !! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}} !! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}}
|-
! {{gcl|ABS}}
| тӏ(ә)- || -иъм, -йм || ццӏ(а)- || rowspan="2"| -е̄с || с(ә)- || rowspan="2"| -йә̄с
|-
! {{gcl|ERG}}
| -иъс, -йс || -ӣс || -е̄ || -йәс
|-
! {{gcl|GEN1|genitive 1}}
| -иътиъ, -йтиъ || -е̄тиъ || -ӣтиъ || -е̄мтиъ || -йәтиъ || -йәгьиъ
|-
! {{gcl|GEN2|genitive 2}}
| -ӣс || -ё̄м || -е̄с || -е̄м || -исәс || -исә̄м
|-
! {{gcl|DAT}}
| rowspan="2"| -ӣъ || -иъмәс, -ймәс || -ӣъ || -е̄мәс || -исӣ || -исмәс
|-
! {{gcl|INSTR}}
| -иъбиъ, -йбиъ || -е̄хъ || -е̄биъ || -исс || -иппиъ
|-
! {{gcl|COM}}
| colspan="2"| -иъми, -йми || colspan="2"| -е̄ми || colspan="2"| -ими
|-
! {{gcl|EQ|equative}}
| colspan="2"| -иъсы, -йсы || colspan="2"| -е̄сы || colspan="2"| -исы
|}
{| class="IPA wikitable"
! colspan="7"| Third declension
|-
! rowspan="2"| !! colspan="2"| {{gcl|M}} !! colspan="2"| {{gcl|F}} !! colspan="2"| {{gcl|N}}
|-
! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}} !! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}} !! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}}
|-
! {{gcl|ABS}}
| тӏ(ә)- || rowspan="2"| -вис || ццӏ(а)- || rowspan="2"| -вэ̄с || с(ә)- || rowspan="2"| -вә̄с
|-
! {{gcl|ERG}}
| -уъс, -вс || -вэ̄ || -вәс
|-
! {{gcl|GEN1|genitive 1}}
| -уътиъ, -втиъ || -отиъ || -вэ̄тиъ || -вэ̄мтиъ || -вәтиъ || -вәгьиъ
|-
! {{gcl|GEN2|genitive 2}}
| -ос || -вә̄м || -вэ̄с || -вэ̄м || -висәс || -висә̄м
|-
! {{gcl|DAT}}
| -вӣ || -уъмәс, -вмәс || -вӣъ || -вэ̄мәс || -висӣ || -висмәс
|-
! {{gcl|INSTR}}
| -ӯъ, -в || -уъбиъ, -вбиъ || -вэхъ || -вэ̄биъ || -висс || -виппиъ
|-
! {{gcl|COM}}
| colspan="2"| -уъми, -вми || colspan="2"| -вэ̄ми || colspan="2"| -вими
|-
! {{gcl|EQ|equative}}
| colspan="2"| -уъсы, -всы || colspan="2"| -вэ̄сы || colspan="2"| -висы
|}


Absolutive singular adjectives optionally mark gender with prefixes ''тӏ(ә)-, ццӏ(а)-, с(ә)-'' for masculine, feminine, and neuter respectively.
The absolutive singular prefixes ''тӏ(ә)-, ццӏ(а)-, с(ә)-'' are optional and most often used for disambiguation.


Comparative and superlative adjectives are preceded by particles ''е '' and ''бәч'' respectively, and compared nouns use the equative case.
Comparative and superlative adjectives are preceded by particles ''е'' and ''бәч'' respectively, and compared nouns use the equative case.


===Evidentiality===
===Evidentiality===
Witness and nonwitness evidence are marked with clause-initial particles ''ыг'' and ''гӯ'' respectively. Gnomic clauses use neither particle.
Witness and nonwitness evidence are marked with clause-initial particles ''ыг'' and ''гӯ'' respectively. Gnomic and direct participant clauses use neither particle, and either particle is omitted if already present earlier in an utterance unless the type of evidence changes.


Reportative clauses use a separate particle that agrees in gender with the reportee: masculine ''кӏу'', feminine ''кӏо'', neuter ''ккӏа''. If the reportee is included in or near the clause the reportative particle follows the reportee, otherwise it is clause-initial.
Reportative clauses use a separate particle that agrees in gender with the reportee: masculine ''кӏу'', feminine ''кӏо'', neuter ''ккӏа''. If the reportee is included in or near the clause the reportative particle follows the reportee, otherwise it is clause-initial.
Evidence marking is optional except in non-future perfective declarative utterances. Evidentials are often omitted entirely from translations, especially from text.


===Negation and prohibitives===
===Negation and prohibitives===
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Numerals 1-4 have irregular ordinal forms ''пӏӯв, двиъчӏ, тӏыриътӏ, кӏтӏвытӏ'', other ordinals are marked by ''-(ы)тӏ''. Distributive and collective numerals are marked by ''-ар'' and ''-ла'' respectively.
Numerals 1-4 have irregular ordinal forms ''пӏӯв, двиъчӏ, тӏыриътӏ, кӏтӏвытӏ'', other ordinals are marked by ''-(ы)тӏ''. Distributive and collective numerals are marked by ''-ар'' and ''-ла'' respectively.
===Derivational morphology===
Adverbs are formed with -э̄.
====Part-of-speech modifiers====


==Syntax==
==Syntax==
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===Noun and verb phrases===
===Noun and verb phrases===
Numerals precede their head. Genitives, possessives, and adjectives may either precede or follow their head. Adverbs follow their head.


===Dependent clauses===
===Dependent clauses===
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{{interlinear
{{interlinear
|Гӯ мәнвис виъсәм муъкӏтӏмими гьу вэ̄кьӏмими карә̄мэ̄с гьу гьуъкъӯкъә̄м упӏрә.
|Гӯ мәнвис виъсәм муъкӏтӏмими гьу вэ̄кьӏмими карә̄мэ̄с гьу гьуъкъӯкъә̄м упӏрә.
|{{gcl|NWIT|non-witness}} human.ABS-PL.ABS all-M.PL.ABS free-ADJ.NZ-COM and equal-ADJ.NZ-COM dignity-SG.{{gcl|GEN2|genitive 2}} and right.PL-PL.{{gcl|GEN2|genitive 2}} make.PFV.PASS.M.PL
|{{gcl|NWIT|non-witness}} human.ABS-PL.ABS all-M.PL.ABS free-ADJ.NZ-COM and equal-ADJ.NZ-COM dignity-SG.{{gcl|GEN2|genitive 2}} and rights-PL.{{gcl|GEN2|genitive 2}} make.PFV.PASS.M.PL
||display-messages=no|italics2=no|italics3=no}}
||display-messages=no|italics2=no|italics3=no}}
<br>
<br>
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==Other resources==
==Other resources==
[https://cals.info/language/guimin/ CALS]
*[https://cals.info/language/guimin/ CALS]
*[[Guimin/Swadesh]]


[[Category:Guimin language]]
[[Category:Guimin language]]
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