Jokelang 2: Difference between revisions

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Jokelang 2 (view source)

Revision as of 19:38, 13 March 2024

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|created          = 2023
|created          = 2023
|creator          = Dillon Hartwig
|creator          = Dillon Hartwig
|familycolor      = isolate
|script            = Latn
|script            = Latn
}}
}}
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==Orthography and phonology==
==Orthography and phonology==
Jokelang 2 orthography and phonology are identical to modern [[w:General_American_English|General American]] and [[w:Received Pronunciation|Received Pronunciation]] English, except the General American accent retains older [ʍ] and the Received Pronunciation accent has [[w:Linking_and_intrusive_R#IntrusiveR|intrusive R]], and a small number of nouns have non-English pronunciations.
Jokelang 2 orthography and phonology are identical to modern [[w:General_American_English|General American]] and [[w:Received Pronunciation|Received Pronunciation]] English, except the General American accent retains /ʍ/ and the Received Pronunciation accent has [[w:Linking_and_intrusive_R#IntrusiveR|intrusive R]], and a small number of nouns have non-English pronunciations.


See also [[Jokelang_2#Accent agreement|Accent agreement]].
See also [[Jokelang_2#Accent agreement|Accent agreement]].
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===Accent agreement===
===Accent agreement===
In agreement with their head noun's gender (except see [[Jokelang_2#Verbs|Verbs]]), all verbs, adjectives, numerals, and measurement units are pronounced with either a [[w:General_American_English|General American]] (for American nouns) or [[w:Received Pronunciation|Received_Pronunciation]] (for British nouns) accent.
In agreement with their head noun's gender (except see [[Jokelang_2#Verbs|Verbs]]), all verbs, adjectives, numerals, and measurement units are pronounced with either a [[w:General_American_English|General American]] (for American nouns) or [[w:Received_Pronunciation|Received Pronunciation]] (for British nouns) accent.


===Nouns===
===Nouns===
Nouns are gendered American or British.
Nouns are gendered American or British. Plural nouns are marked with a preceding particle: ''a'' for American nouns and ''an'' for British nouns.


====Pronouns====
====Pronouns====
Pronouns mark number, gender, and many other categories.
Pronouns mark number, gender, and many other categories. Informal plural pronouns in formal are instead singular.
 
====Demonstratives====
Nouns and pronouns can be reduplicated with the opposite accent to act as preceding demonstratives.


===Verbs===
===Verbs===
Verbs agree with their subject's accent unless the verb's object is British, in which case the verbs agrees with its object.
===Questions===
===Questions===
Jokelang 2 has no overt question marking. Questions are asked by stating an affirmative sentence and demanding that the listener answers, usually with ''"Spillet capiche," "Answer (threatening imperative)."
===Negation===
===Negation===
===Circumpositions===
===Circumpositions===
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===Numerals===
===Numerals===
Numerals agree in gender with their noun.
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Numerals
|-
! !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5
|-
! British
| cocky || lua || five || colspan="2" | ha
|-
! American
| beer || ick || ooch || colspan="2" | dirt
|-
! !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9 !! 10
|-
! British
| oh no || hick || wall || ewe || oomie
|-
! American
| alty || yeti || seckies || dokas || on
|-
! !! 11 !! 12 !! 13 !! 14 !! 15
|-
! British
| cockimie || lumie || coalmie || colspan="2" | hamie
|-
! American
| beer-on || ick-on || ooch-on || colspan="2" | dirt-on
|-
! !! 16 !! 17 !! 18 !! 19 !! 20
|-
! British
| oh nomie || hickmie || wallmie || ewemie || ukalue
|-
! American
| alty-on || yeti-on || seckies-on || dokas-on || yermie
|-
! !! 30 !! 40 !! 50 !! 60 !! 70
|-
! British
| canoke || cow || lime || rowspan="2" | on-alty || rowspan="2" | on-yeti
|-
! American
| oats || kirk || elly
|-
! !! 80 !! 90 !! 100 !! 1,000 !! 1,000,000
|-
! British
| rowspan="2" | on-seckies || rowspan="2" | on-dokas || hanele || kaukany || rowspan="2" | big
|-
! American
| use || bin
|}
====Units of measurement====
All unit words have paired imperial and metric meanings based on the noun they modify, imperial for American nouns and metric for British nouns. These pairs are not always near-equivalent.
===Classifiers===
Classifiers are optional in informal speech, but in formal speech must precede nouns when modified by ''no'' or a numeral. Classifiers can also be applied to unmodified nouns as honorifics.
===Derivational morphology===
===Derivational morphology===
====Part-of-speech modifiers====
====Part-of-speech modifiers====
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===Constituent order===
===Constituent order===
Word order is strictly SVO.
Word order is strictly SVO.
===Noun and verb phrases===
===Noun and verb phrases===
Possessors, adjectives, and adverbs follow their head. Numerals and demonstratives precede their head.
===Dependent clauses===
===Dependent clauses===
Dependent clauses follow their head.


==Example texts==
==Example texts==
===Universal Declaration of Human Rights Article 1===
===Universal Declaration of Human Rights Article 1===
'''A murican whizz paw freedombuh ah reddingbuh foodigitybar ah foodiggitybar. Yodel shoob why ah whoe ah forwhittling ation again undlebuh again jon.
'''A murican whizz paw freedombuh ah reddingbuh foo digity bar ah foo diggity bar. Yodel shoob why ah whoe ah forwhittling ation again undlebuh again jon.


{{interlinear
{{interlinear
|A murican whizz paw freedom-buh ah redding-buh foo-digity-bar ah foo-diggity-bar.
|A murican whizz paw freedom-buh ah redding-buh foo digity bar ah foo diggity bar.
|PL.US person {all known and unknown} bear.PASS.US free.US-ESS and equal.US-ESS in-dignity-in and in-rights-in
|PL.US person {all known and unknown} bear.PASS.US free.US-ESS and equal.US-ESS in dignity in and in rights in
||display-messages=no|italics2=no|italics3=no|ablist=US:American gender}}
||display-messages=no|italics2=no|italics3=no|ablist=US:American gender}}
<br>
<br>
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[[Category:Jokelang 2 language]]
[[Category:Jokelang 2 language]]
[[Category:Jokelangs]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
Dillon
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