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==History== | ==History== | ||
The Luthic [[w:Philology|philologist]] Aþalphonso Silva divided the history of Luthic into a period from 500 AD to 1740 to be “Mediaeval Luthic”, which he subdivided into “Gothic Luthic” (500–1100), “Mediaeval Luthic” (1100–1600) and “late Mediaeval Luthic” (1600–1740). | The Luthic [[w:Philology|philologist]] Aþalphonso Silva divided the history of Luthic into a period from 500 AD to 1740 to be “Mediaeval Luthic”, which he subdivided into “Gothic Luthic” (500–1100), “Mediaeval Luthic” (1100–1600) and “late Mediaeval Luthic” (1600–1740). | ||
An additional period was later created by Lucia Giamane, from ''c.'' 325 AD to 500 AD to be called “Proto-Luthic”, which she believes to be an [[w:Vulgar Latin|Vulgar Latin]] [[w:Ethnolect|ethnolect]], spoken by the early Goths during its period of co-existence with the Roman Empire, no written records from such an early period survive, and if any ever existed, it was fully lost during the [[w:Gothic War (376–382)|Gothic War (376–382)]] and during the [[w:Sack of Rome (410)|Sack of Rome (410)]]. Proto-Luthic ultimately is the result of the [[w:Romano-Germanic culture|Romano-Germanic culture]]. | |||
The term '''Romano-Germanic''' describes the conflation of [[w:Culture of ancient Rome|Roman culture]] with that of various [[w:Germanic peoples|Germanic peoples]] in areas successively ruled by the Roman Empire and Germanic “[[w:barbarian monarchy|barbarian monarchies]]”. These include the kingdoms of the '''[[w:Visigoths|Visigoths]]''' (in [[w:Hispania|Hispania]] and [[w:Gallia Narbonensis|Gallia Narbonensis]]), the '''[[w:Ostrogoths|Ostrogoths]]''' (in [[w:Italia (Roman province)|Italia]], [[w:Sicilia (Roman province)|Sicilia]], [[w:Raetia|Raetia]], [[w:Noricum|Noricum]], [[w:Pannonia|Pannonia]], [[w:Dalmatia (Roman province)|Dalmatia]] and [[w:Roman Dacia|Dacia]]), the '''[[w:Anglo-Saxons|Anglo-Saxon]]''' kingdoms in [[w:Sub-Roman Britain|Sub-Roman Britain]], and finally the '''[[w:Franks|Franks]]''' who established the nucleus of the later “[[w:Holy Roman Empire|Holy Roman Empire]]” in [[w:Gallia Aquitania|Gallia Aquitania]], [[w:Gallia Lugdunensis|Gallia Lugdunensis]], [[w:Gallia Belgica|Gallia Belgica]], [[w:Germania Superior|Germania Superior]] and [[w:Germania Inferior|Inferior]], and parts of the previously unconquered [[w:Germania|Germania Magna]]. Additionally, minor Germanic tribes – the [[w:Vandals|Vandals]], the [[w:Suebi|Suebi]], the [[w:Burgundians|Burgundians]], the [[w:Alemanni|Alemanni]], and later the [[w:Lombards|Lombards]] − also established their kingdoms in Roman territory in the West. | |||
Romano-Germanic cultural contact begins as early as the first Roman accounts of the Germanic peoples. Roman influence is perceptible beyond the boundaries of the empire, in the Northern European [[w:Roman Iron Age|Roman Iron Age]] of the first centuries AD. The nature of this cultural contact changes with the decline of the Roman Empire and the beginning [[w:Migration period|Migration period]] in the wake of the [[w:crisis of the third century|crisis of the third century]]: the “barbarian” peoples of Germania Magna formerly known as mercenaries and traders now came as invaders and eventually as a new ruling elite, even in Italy itself, beginning with [[w:Odoacer|Odoacer]]’s rise to the rank of ''[[w:King of Italy|Dux Italiae]]'' in 476 AD. | |||
The cultural syncretism was most pronounced in [[w:Francia|Francia]]. In [[w:West Francia]], the nucleus of what was to become [[w:France|France]], the [[w:Frankish language|Frankish language]] was eventually extinct, but not without leaving significant traces in the emerging [[w:Romance language|Romance language]]. In [[w:East Francia|East Francia]] on the other hand, the nucleus of what was to become the [[w:kingdom of Germany|kingdom of Germany]] and ultimately [[w:German-speaking Europe|German-speaking Europe]], the syncretism was less pronounced since only its southernmost portion had ever been part of the Roman Empire, as Germania Superior: all territories on the right hand side of the [[w:Rhine|Rhine]] remain Germanic-speaking. Those parts of the Germanic sphere extends along the left of the Rhine, including the [[w:Swiss plateau|Swiss plateau]], the [[w:Alsace|Alsace]], the [[w:Rhineland|Rhineland]] and [[w:Flanders|Flanders]], are the parts where Romano-Germanic cultural contact remains most evident. | |||
[[w:Early Germanic law|Early Germanic law]] reflects the coexistence of Roman and Germanic cultures during the [[w:Migration period|Migration period]] in applying separate laws to [[w:Roman people|Roman]] and Germanic individuals, notably the ''[[w:Lex Romana Visigothorum|Lex Romana Visigothorum]]'' (506), the ''[[w:Lex Romana Curiensis|Lex Romana Curiensis]]'' and the ''Lex Romana Burgundionum''. The separate cultures amalgamated after [[w:Christianization|Christianisation]], and by the [[w:Carolingian Empire|Carolingian]] period the distinction of Roman vs. Germanic subjects had been replaced by the [[w:feudalism|feudal]] system of the [[w:Estates of the realm|Three Estates of the Realm]]. | |||
With a renewed close attention to the history and literature of ancient Rome in the 12th century, the mediaeval [[w:Aristocracy|aristocracy]] saw itself mirrored in the accounts of ancient Roman nobility. Some made doubtful claims to direct descent from Roman aristocracy. In the 19th century, German, Luth and French mediaevalists worried about the origins of the great mediaeval families. Did the great families descend from the aristocracy of the Roman Empire or from the barbarian chieftains who invaded the Roman Empire between 400 and 600? Did the families originate in the Latin or Germanic world? Both, it seems. Mediaeval Western Europe was an amalgam of Roman and ‘Barbarian’ bloodlines. The cultural and genetic influence of the Visigoths, Franks, et al. is readily apparent in the socio-cultural and political framework of Mediaeval Europe. In spite of this, the legacy of Rome, both social-cultural and genetic pervaded every aspect of Mediaeval society – this was of course greatly assisted by the mediaeval Church. | |||
===Gothic Luthic=== | ===Gothic Luthic=== | ||