Voltch: Difference between revisions

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Voltch (view source)

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→‎Historical phonology
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² After /w/.
² After /w/.
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===Morphophonology===
===Historical phonology===
<!--
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
====Lenition====
|+
When a word ending in a voiceless stop or fricative has a vowel-initial suffix added, the final consonant becomes a voiced fricative. This is known as lenition.
! Old English !! Environment !! Voltch !! Remarks
 
Not all such words undergo lenition. Whether a word undergoes lenition or not is predictable from its orthography.
 
The table below summarizes the consonants that can undergo lenition when they occur at the end of a word. Note that this table specifically indicates how consonants are written word-finally and when lenited. The same phonemes may be written differently in other environments.
{|class=wikitable style="text-align: center"
|+ Word-final consonants that can undergo lenition
! rowspan="2"| Phoneme !! colspan="2" |Unlenited form !! colspan="3"| Lenited form !! colspan="2"| Non-leniting equivalent
|-
! Egelstaiv !! Tjenstæf !! IPA !! Egelstaiv !! Tjenstæf !! Egelstaiv !! Tjenstæf
|-
| p || p || p || rowspan="2"| v || rowspan="2"| v || rowspan="2"| v || pp || pp
|-
| f || v || f || f || ff
|-
| t || t || t || rowspan="2"|ð || rowspan="2"|dh || rowspan="2"|ð || tt || tt
|-
|-
| θ || dh || þ || th || þþ
! colspan="4"| Vowels
|-
|-
| s || z || s || z || z || z || s || ss
| rowspan="3"| a || lengthened || a (long), aa
|-
|-
| ʃ || zh || c || ʒ || zh || cz || sh || cc, sc
| unstressed || e (schwa)
|-
|-
| k || k || k || rowspan="2"| ∅¹ || rowspan="2"| ∅¹ || rowspan="2"|∅¹ || ck || kk
| otherwise || a (short)
|-
|-
| x || gh || h || ch || hh
| ā || everywhere || uo
|-
|-
|}
| rowspan="2"| æ, ea || lengthened || ä (long), ää
 
'''Notes:'''
 
¹ The consonant is dropped, leading to predictable vowel simplifications (see the next section below).
 
====Vowel simplifications====
When vowels are brought into hiatus, due to the addition of a vowel-initial suffix to a vowel-final word or the lenition of /k/ or /x/, the hiatus is simplified according to the following rules.
<!--
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+
! 2nd > <br /> 1st v !! a !! au/á !! ä !! ai/æ !! e !! ei/é !! ea/je !! i !! ie/í !! ö !! oi/œ !! eo/jö !! ü/y !! üe/ý !! eu/öu !! eou/jöu !! o !! ou/ó !! oa/wo !! u !! ue/ú
|-
|-
! a
| otherwise || ä (short)
| colspan="2"|au/á || colspan="12"| ai/æ || colspan="7" | au/á
|-
|-
! au/á
| ǣ, ēa || everywhere || ie
! ä
! ai/æ
! e
! ei/é
! ea/je
! i
! ie/í
! ö
! oi/œ
! eo/jö
! ü/y
! üe/ý
! eu/öu
! eou/jöu
! o
! ou/ó
! oa/wo
! u
! ue/ú
|}
--
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+
! colspan="2" | First vowel !! colspan="2" | Second vowel !! colspan="2" | Result !! rowspan="2"|Remarks
|-
|-
! Egelstaiv !! Tjenstæf !! Egelstaiv !! Tjenstæf !! Egelstaiv !! Tjenstæf
| rowspan="3"| e || lengthened || ea
|-
|-
| a, au, ä, ai || a, á, ä, æ || ä, ai, e, ei, ea, i, ie, ö, oi, eo, ü, üe || ä, æ, e, é, je, i, í, ö, œ, jö, y, ý || ai || æ ||
| unstressed || e (schwa)
|-
|-
| a, au, ä, ai || a, á, ä, æ || a, au, o, ou, oa, u, ue, eu, eou || a, á, o, ó, wo, u, ú, öu, jöu || au || á ||
| otherwise || e (short)
|-
|-
| e, ei || e, é || a, ä, ai, e, ei, ea, i, ie || ä, æ, e, é, je, i, í || ei || é ||
| ē || everywhere || ei
|-
|-
| e, ei || e, é || au, o, ou, oa, u, ue, eu, eou || á, o, ó, wo, u, ú, öu, jöu || eu || öu ||
| rowspan="2"| eo || lengthened || öa
|-
|-
| e, ei || e, é || ö, oi, eo, ü, üe || ö, œ, jö, y, ý || oi || œ ||
| otherwise || ö
|-
|-
| ea || je || a, ä, ai, e, ei, ea, i, ie || ä, æ, e, é, je, i, í || ea || je ||
| ēo || everywhere || öü
|-
|-
| ea || je || au, o, ou, oa, u, ue, eu, eou || á, o, ó, wo, u, ú, öu, jöu || eou || jöu ||
| rowspan="2"| i, ie || lengthened || e (long), ee
|-
|-
| ea || je || ö, oi, eo, ü, üe || ö, œ, jö, y, ý || oi || œ ||
| otherwise || i
|-
|-
| i, ie || i, í || a, ä, ai, e, ei, ea, i, ie || ä, æ, e, é, je, i, í || ie || í ||
| ī, īe || everywhere || ij
|-
|-
| i, ie || i, í || au, o, ou, oa, u, ue, eu, eou, ö, oi, eo, ü, üe || á, o, ó, wo, u, ú, öu, jöu, ö, œ, jö, y, ý || üe || ý ||
| rowspan="3"| o || lengthened || oa
|-
|-
| o, ou || o, ó || ä, ai, e, ei, ea, i, ie, ö, oi, eo, ü, üe || ä, æ, e, é, je, i, í, ö, œ, jö, y, ý || oi || œ ||
| unstressed || e (schwa)
|-
|-
| o, ou || o, ó || a, au, o, ou, oa, u, ue, eu, eou, ö, oi, eo, ü, üe || á, o, ó, wo, u, ú, öu, jöu || ou || ó ||
| otherwise || o (short)
|-
|-
| oa || wo || ä, ai, e, ei, ea, i, ie, ö, oi, eo, ü, üe || ä, æ, e, é, je, i, í, ö, œ, jö, y, ý || oi || œ ||
| ō || everywhere || ou
|-
|-
| oa || wo || a, au, o, ou, oa, u, ue, eu, eou || á, o, ó, wo, u, ú, öu, jöu || oa || wo ||
| rowspan="2"| u || lengthened || o (long), oo
|-
|-
| u, ue || u, ú || ä, ai, e, ei, ea, i, ie, ö, oi, eo, ü, üe || ä, æ, e, é, je, i, í, ö, œ, jö, y, ý || üe || ý ||
| otherwise || u
|-
|-
| u, ue || u, ú || a,au, o, ou, oa, u, ue, eu, eou || á, o, ó, wo, u, ú, öu, jöu || ue || ú ||
| ū || everywhere || uu
|-
|-
| ö, oi || ö, œ || a, ä, ai, e, ei, ea, i, ie, ö, oi, eo, ü, üe || ä, æ, e, é, je, i, í, ö, œ, jö, y, ý || oi || œ ||
| rowspan="2"| y || lengthened || ö (long), öö
|-
|-
| ö, oi || ö, œ || au, o, ou, oa, u, ue, eu, eou, ö, oi, eo, ü, üe || á, o, ó, wo, u, ú, öu, jöu || eu || öu ||
| otherwise || ü
|-
|-
| eo || jö || a, ä, ai, e, ei, ea, i, ie, ö, oi, eo, ü, üe || ä, æ, e, é, je, i, í, ö, œ, jö, y, ý || eo || jö ||
| ȳ || everywhere || üü
|-
|-
| eo || jö || au, o, ou, oa, u, ue, eu, eou || á, o, ó, wo, u, ú, öu, jöu  || eou || jöu ||
! colspan="4" | Consonants
|-
|-
| ü, üe || y, ý || colspan="2"| Any vowel <!--ä, ai, e, ei, ea, i, ie, ö, oi, eo, ü, üe, au, o, ou, oa, u, ue, eu, eou, ö, oi, eo, ü, üe || ä, æ, e, é, je, i, í, ö, œ, jö, y, ý, a, á, o, ó, wo, u, ú, öu, jöu--> || üe || ý ||
|
|-
|-
|}
|}
-->


==Morphology==
==Morphology==
Shariifka
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