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Luthic: Difference between revisions
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|+ '''Nucleus''' | |+ '''Nucleus''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| a ɐ e ɛ || i [j] u [w] || — | | [[IPA for Luthic|a ɐ e ɛ]] || i [j] u [w] || — | ||
|- | |- | ||
| o ɔ || i [j]|| — | | [[IPA for Luthic|o ɔ]] || [[IPA for Luthic|i [j]]]|| — | ||
|- | |- | ||
| i [j] || e o || — | | [[IPA for Luthic|i [j]]] || [[IPA for Luthic|e o]] || — | ||
|- | |- | ||
| i [j] || ɐ ɛ ɔ || i [j] | | [[IPA for Luthic|i [j]]] || [[IPA for Luthic|ɐ ɛ ɔ]] || [[IPA for Luthic|i [j]]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| i [j] || u [w] || o | | [[IPA for Luthic|i [j]]] || [[IPA for Luthic|u [w]]] || [[IPA for Luthic|o]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| u [w] || ɐ ɛ ɔ || i [j] | | [[IPA for Luthic|u [w]]] || [[IPA for Luthic|ɐ ɛ ɔ]] || [[IPA for Luthic|i [j]]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| u [w] || e o || — | | [[IPA for Luthic|u [w]]] || [[IPA for Luthic|e o]] || — | ||
|- | |- | ||
| u [w] || i || — | | [[IPA for Luthic|u [w]]] || [[IPA for Luthic|i]] || — | ||
|} | |} | ||
The nucleus is the only mandatory part of a syllable and must be a vowel or a diphthong. In a falling diphthong the most common second elements are /i̯/ or /u̯/. Combinations of /j w/ with vowels are often labelled diphthongs, allowing for combinations of /j w/ with falling diphthongs to be called triphthongs. One view holds that it is more accurate to label /j w/ as consonants and /jV wV/ as consonant-vowel sequences rather than rising diphthongs. In that interpretation, Luthic has only falling diphthongs (phonemically at least, cf. [[w:Synaeresis| | The nucleus is the only mandatory part of a syllable and must be a vowel or a diphthong. In a falling diphthong the most common second elements are [[w:Help:IPA|/i̯/]] or [[w:Help:IPA|/u̯/]]. Combinations of [[IPA for Luthic|/j w/]] with vowels are often labelled diphthongs, allowing for combinations of /j w/ with falling diphthongs to be called triphthongs. One view holds that it is more accurate to label [[IPA for Luthic|/j w/]] as consonants and /jV wV/ as consonant-vowel sequences rather than rising diphthongs. In that interpretation, Luthic has only falling diphthongs (phonemically at least, cf. [[w:Synaeresis|synaeresis]]) and no triphthongs. | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | ||
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|+ '''Coda''' | |+ '''Coda''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| m n l r || Cₓ | | [[IPA for Luthic|m n l r]] || Cₓ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Cₓ || — | | Cₓ || — | ||
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* The first element of any geminate. | * The first element of any geminate. | ||
* A nasal consonant that is either /n/ (word-finally) or one that is homorganic to a following consonant. | * A nasal consonant that is either [[IPA for Luthic|/n/]] (word-finally) or one that is homorganic to a following consonant. | ||
* /r/ and /l/. | * [[IPA for Luthic|/r/]] and [[IPA for Luthic|/l/]]. | ||
* /s/ (though not before fricatives). | * [[IPA for Luthic|/s/]] (though not before fricatives). | ||
=====Prosody===== | =====Prosody===== | ||
Luthic is quasi-[[w:Paroxytone|paroxytonic]], meaning that most words receive stress on their penultimate (second-to-last) syllable. Monosyllabic words tend to lack stress in their only syllable, unless emphasised or accentuated. Enclitic and other unstressed personal pronouns do not affect stress patterns. Some monosyllabic words may have natural stress (even if not emphasised), but it is weaker than those in polysyllabic words. | Luthic is quasi-[[w:Paroxytone|paroxytonic]], meaning that most words receive stress on their penultimate (second-to-last) syllable. Monosyllabic words tend to lack stress in their only syllable, unless emphasised or accentuated. Enclitic and other unstressed personal pronouns do not affect stress patterns. Some monosyllabic words may have natural stress (even if not emphasised), but it is weaker than those in polysyllabic words. | ||
* ''rasda'' (ʀᴀ-sda ~ ʀᴀs-da) | * ''rasda'' (ʀᴀ-sda ~ ʀᴀs-da) [[IPA for Luthic|[ˈra.zdɐ ~ ˈraz.dɐ]]]; | ||
* ''Italia'' (i-ᴛᴀ-lia) | * ''Italia'' (i-ᴛᴀ-lia) [[IPA for Luthic|[iˈta.ljɐ]]]; | ||
* ''approssimativamente'' (ap-pros-si-ma-ti-va-ᴍᴇɴ-te) | * ''approssimativamente'' (ap-pros-si-ma-ti-va-ᴍᴇɴ-te) [[IPA for Luthic|[ɐp.pros.si.mɐ.θi.βɐˈmen.te]]]. | ||
Compound words have secondary stress on their penultimate syllable. Some suffixes also maintain the suffixed word secondary stress. | Compound words have secondary stress on their penultimate syllable. Some suffixes also maintain the suffixed word secondary stress. | ||
* ''panzar'' + ''campo'' + ''vagnu'' > ''panzarcampovagnu'' (ᴘᴀɴ-zar-ᴄᴀᴍ-po-ᴠᴀ-ġnu) | * ''panzar'' + ''campo'' + ''vagnu'' > ''panzarcampovagnu'' (ᴘᴀɴ-zar-ᴄᴀᴍ-po-ᴠᴀ-ġnu) [[IPA for Luthic|ˌpan.t͡sɐrˌkam.poˈβaɲ.ɲu]]]; | ||
* ''broþar'' + ''-scape'' > ''broþarscape'' (ʙʀᴏ-þar-sᴄᴀ-pe) | * ''broþar'' + ''-scape'' > ''broþarscape'' (ʙʀᴏ-þar-sᴄᴀ-pe) [[IPA for Luthic|ˌbro.θɐrˈska.ɸe]]]. | ||
Secondary stress is however often omitted by Italian influence. Tetrasyllabic (and beyond) words may have a very weak secondary stress in the fourth-to-last syllable (i.e. two syllables before the main or primary stress). | Secondary stress is however often omitted by Italian influence. Tetrasyllabic (and beyond) words may have a very weak secondary stress in the fourth-to-last syllable (i.e. two syllables before the main or primary stress). | ||