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'''Insertional code-switching''' is often referred to as “borrowing” or “tag-switching”, when lexical items from a secondary language are introduced into the primary language. These loan words are partially or fully assimilated into the secondary language, conforming to its phonological and morphological structure. Insertional code-switching serves a “pragmatic purpose, acting as sentence enhancers or indicating the speaker's attitude towards the context of an utterance.” | '''Insertional code-switching''' is often referred to as “borrowing” or “tag-switching”, when lexical items from a secondary language are introduced into the primary language. These loan words are partially or fully assimilated into the secondary language, conforming to its phonological and morphological structure. Insertional code-switching serves a “pragmatic purpose, acting as sentence enhancers or indicating the speaker's attitude towards the context of an utterance.” | ||
* '''Standard Luthic:''' Il nattu stâþ scaunu. | * '''Standard Luthic:''' Il nattu stâþ scaunu. Le staerne sceinanno e la luna stâþ folla. | ||
* '''Standard Italian:''' La notte è bella. Le stelle brillano e la luna è piena. | * '''Standard Italian:''' La notte è bella. Le stelle brillano e la luna è piena. | ||
* '''Insertional code-swicthing''': Il nattu '''ae bellu'''. '''Le stelle | * '''Insertional code-swicthing''': Il nattu '''ae bellu'''. '''Le stelle''' sceinanno e la luna '''ae piena'''. | ||
*: Note that both ''è'' and ''ae'' stand for /ɛ/. | *: Note that both ''è'' and ''ae'' stand for /ɛ/. | ||
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| '''5.''' gi [[IPA for Luthic#Standard_Ravennese_Luthic|[d͡ʒi]]] “you” ||''' 57.''' vaurte [[IPA for Luthic#Standard_Ravennese_Luthic|[ˈvɔr.te]]] “root” || '''109.''' sveltare [[IPA for Luthic#Standard_Ravennese_Luthic|[zvɛlˈta.re]]] “to die” || '''161.''' nêbola [[IPA for Luthic#Standard_Ravennese_Luthic|[ˈne.βo.lɐ]]] “fog” | | '''5.''' gi [[IPA for Luthic#Standard_Ravennese_Luthic|[d͡ʒi]]] “you” ||''' 57.''' vaurte [[IPA for Luthic#Standard_Ravennese_Luthic|[ˈvɔr.te]]] “root” || '''109.''' sveltare [[IPA for Luthic#Standard_Ravennese_Luthic|[zvɛlˈta.re]]] “to die” || '''161.''' nêbola [[IPA for Luthic#Standard_Ravennese_Luthic|[ˈne.βo.lɐ]]] “fog” | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''6.''' eis [[IPA for Luthic#Standard_Ravennese_Luthic|[ˈis]]] “they” <br> | | '''6.''' eis [[IPA for Luthic#Standard_Ravennese_Luthic|[ˈis]]] “they” <br> ise [[IPA for Luthic#Standard_Ravennese_Luthic|[iˈse]]] “they” <br> eis [[IPA for Luthic#Standard_Ravennese_Luthic|[ˈis]]] “they” || '''58.''' renda [[IPA for Luthic#Standard_Ravennese_Luthic|[ˈrɛn.dɐ]]] “bark” || '''110.''' dauþare [[IPA for Luthic#Standard_Ravennese_Luthic|[dɔˈθa.re]]] “to kill” || '''162.''' hemeno [[IPA for Luthic#Standard_Ravennese_Luthic|[eˈme.nu]]] “sky” | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''7.''' su [[IPA for Luthic#Standard_Ravennese_Luthic|[su]]] “this” <br> sa [[IPA for Luthic#Standard_Ravennese_Luthic|[sɐ]]] “this” <br> þata [[IPA for Luthic#Standard_Ravennese_Luthic|[θɐ.θɐ]]] “this” || '''59.''' blomna [[IPA for Luthic#Standard_Ravennese_Luthic|[ˈblom.nɐ]]] “flower” || '''111.''' lottare [[IPA for Luthic#Standard_Ravennese_Luthic|[lotˈta.re]]] “to fight” || '''163.''' vendu [[IPA for Luthic#Standard_Ravennese_Luthic|[ˈven.du]]] “wind” | | '''7.''' su [[IPA for Luthic#Standard_Ravennese_Luthic|[su]]] “this” <br> sa [[IPA for Luthic#Standard_Ravennese_Luthic|[sɐ]]] “this” <br> þata [[IPA for Luthic#Standard_Ravennese_Luthic|[θɐ.θɐ]]] “this” || '''59.''' blomna [[IPA for Luthic#Standard_Ravennese_Luthic|[ˈblom.nɐ]]] “flower” || '''111.''' lottare [[IPA for Luthic#Standard_Ravennese_Luthic|[lotˈta.re]]] “to fight” || '''163.''' vendu [[IPA for Luthic#Standard_Ravennese_Luthic|[ˈven.du]]] “wind” | ||
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| '''33.''' scaurtu [[IPA for Luthic#Standard_Ravennese_Luthic|[ˈsk̠ɔr.tu]]] “short” || '''85.''' qeþu [[IPA for Luthic#Standard_Ravennese_Luthic|[ˈkᶣe.θu]]] “belly” || '''137.''' bendare [[IPA for Luthic#Standard_Ravennese_Luthic|[benˈda.re]]] “to tie” || '''189.''' drittu [[IPA for Luthic#Standard_Ravennese_Luthic|[ˈdrit.tu]]] “straight” | | '''33.''' scaurtu [[IPA for Luthic#Standard_Ravennese_Luthic|[ˈsk̠ɔr.tu]]] “short” || '''85.''' qeþu [[IPA for Luthic#Standard_Ravennese_Luthic|[ˈkᶣe.θu]]] “belly” || '''137.''' bendare [[IPA for Luthic#Standard_Ravennese_Luthic|[benˈda.re]]] “to tie” || '''189.''' drittu [[IPA for Luthic#Standard_Ravennese_Luthic|[ˈdrit.tu]]] “straight” | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''34.''' agguu [[IPA for Luthic#Standard_Ravennese_Luthic|[ˈaŋʷ.ɡʷu]]] “narrow” || '''86.''' | | '''34.''' agguu [[IPA for Luthic#Standard_Ravennese_Luthic|[ˈaŋʷ.ɡʷu]]] “narrow” || '''86.''' viscere [[IPA for Luthic#Standard_Ravennese_Luthic|[ˈviʃ.ʃe.re]]] “guts” || '''138.''' siugiare [[IPA for Luthic#Standard_Ravennese_Luthic|[sjuˈd͡ʒa.re]]] “to sew” || '''190.''' ritondu [[IPA for Luthic#Standard_Ravennese_Luthic|[riˈton.du]]] “round” | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''35.''' sottile [[IPA for Luthic#Standard_Ravennese_Luthic|[sotˈti.le]]] “thin” || '''87.''' collo [[IPA for Luthic#Standard_Ravennese_Luthic|[ˈk̠ɔl.lo]]] “neck” || '''139.''' contare [[IPA for Luthic#Standard_Ravennese_Luthic|[k̠onˈta.re]]] “to count” || '''191.''' scarfu [[IPA for Luthic#Standard_Ravennese_Luthic|[ˈskar.ɸu]]] “sharp” | | '''35.''' sottile [[IPA for Luthic#Standard_Ravennese_Luthic|[sotˈti.le]]] “thin” || '''87.''' collo [[IPA for Luthic#Standard_Ravennese_Luthic|[ˈk̠ɔl.lo]]] “neck” || '''139.''' contare [[IPA for Luthic#Standard_Ravennese_Luthic|[k̠onˈta.re]]] “to count” || '''191.''' scarfu [[IPA for Luthic#Standard_Ravennese_Luthic|[ˈskar.ɸu]]] “sharp” | ||
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| [[w:Romanian language|Romanian]] || Acesta este un palat regal magnific. Îndepărtaţi-vă, țăranule ignorant! Doar elitele respectabile din politică, știință, cultură și artă sunt autorizate să intre. Întoarceți-vă imediat la ferma voastră mizerabilă. Și plătiţi taxele, altfel gărzile vă vor extermina familia. | | [[w:Romanian language|Romanian]] || Acesta este un palat regal magnific. Îndepărtaţi-vă, țăranule ignorant! Doar elitele respectabile din politică, știință, cultură și artă sunt autorizate să intre. Întoarceți-vă imediat la ferma voastră mizerabilă. Și plătiţi taxele, altfel gărzile vă vor extermina familia. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Luthic]] || Este ist aenu magnificu palazzu reale. Partite, pedone ignorante! Sole | | [[Luthic]] || Este ist aenu magnificu palazzu reale. Partite, pedone ignorante! Sole le elite rispettabili in politica, scienzia, coltura e crafte autorizzanða ad entrare. Tornate immediatamente all’isvara misera garda e pagate lo geldo, aud i guardi stermineranno l’isvara famiglia. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[w:English language|English]] || This is a magnificent royal palace. Depart, ignorant peasant! Only respectable elites in politics, science, culture and art are authorised to enter. Return immediately to your miserable farm. And pay the tax, or the guards will exterminate your family. | | [[w:English language|English]] || This is a magnificent royal palace. Depart, ignorant peasant! Only respectable elites in politics, science, culture and art are authorised to enter. Return immediately to your miserable farm. And pay the tax, or the guards will exterminate your family. |
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