Prime Pidgin of Antarctica (PPA): Difference between revisions

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Prime Pidgin of Antarctica (PPA) (view source)

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{{Infobox language
| name              = Prime Pidgin of Antarctica (PPA)
| altname          = Prime Antarctic Pidgin (PAP)
| nativename        = Antarctic
| acceptance        = Official language
| image            = Proposed_flag_of_Antarctica_%28Graham_Bartram%29.svg
| imagesize        = 250px
| imagecaption      = Flag of United Nations of Antarctica
| creator          = User:Caesar05
| created          = 2021
| setting          = [[w:Trinity Peninsula|Trinity Peninsula]] (de facto), [[w:Antarctic Peninsula|Antarctic Peninsula]] (de jure)
| states            = [[w:Esperanza Base|United Nations of Antarctica, Esperanza Base]]
| ethnicity        = [[w:Demographics of Antarctica|Antarctic]]
| extinct          = ∼2250
| familycolor      = Pidgin
| ancestor1        = Various 21st century languages
| dia1              = [[Proto-Antarctic (PPA)|Proto-Antarctic]]
| map              = Ant-pen-map-Trinity-Peninsula.PNG
| mapsize          = 350px
| mapcaption        = Trinity Peninsula
| notice            = IPA [adds notice for IPA notation]
}}
== Introduction ==
=== Classification ===
{{clade
  |label1=Various 21st century languages of Antarctica|state1=dashed
  |1={{Clade
      |label1=Surviving languages
      |1={{clade
        |1=Basic English
        |2=Residual Spanish
        |3=Residual Russian
        |4=Other sporadic residual languages, creoles and pidgins
        }}
  |2={{Clade
      |label1='''Prime Pidgin of Antarctica'''
      |1={{clade
        |1=Nuclear (Group A) > Early PPA
        |2=Central (Group B) > Standard PPA > [[Proto-Antarctic (PPA)|Proto-Antarctic]]
        |3=Peripheral (Group C) > Late PPA
        }}
      }}
  }}
}}
=== Linguistic history of Antarctica ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Language
!Words
|-
|English
|467
|-
|Spanish
|248
|-
|Russian
|105
|-
|French
|32
|-
|Korean
|30
|-
|Japanese
|29
|-
|Chinese
|28
|-
|Italian
|23
|-
|German
|18
|-
|Hindi
|17
|-
|Portuguese
|15
|-
|Dutch
|14
|-
|Norwegian
|10
|-
|Polish
|10
|-
|Ukrainian
|5
|-
|Afrikaans
|4
|-
|Xhosa
|4
|-
|Zulu
|4
|-
|Swedish
|4
|-
|Finnish
|3
|-
|Czech
|2
|-
|Romanian
|2
|-
|Bulgarian
|2
|}
=== Consonants ===
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
! rowspan="2" |Labial
! colspan="3" |Coronal
! colspan="2" |Dorsal
|-
!Dento-Alveolar
!Retroflex
!Palatal
!Velar
!Glottal
|-
! colspan="2" |Nasal
|m
|n
|(ɳ)
|(ɲ)
|ŋ
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |Plosive
!Voiceless
|p
|t
|(ʈ)
|(c)
|k
|(ʔ)
|-
!Voiced
|b
|d
|
|(ɟ)
|g
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |Fricative
!Voiceless
|f
|s
|
|(ʃ)
|(x)
|h
|-
!Voiced
|(v)
|(z)
|
|(ʒ)
|(ɣ)
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |Liquid
!Rhotic
|(β)
|r
|(ɻ)
|(ɾ)
|
|
|-
!Lateral
|
|l
|(ɭ)
|
|
|
|}
=== Vowels and approximants ===
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |
!Front
!Central
!Back
|-
! colspan="2" |Approximant
|j
|
|w
|-
! rowspan="2" |High
!Tense
|i
| rowspan="2" |(ɨ)
|u
|-
!Lax
|(ɪ)
|(ʊ)
|-
! rowspan="2" |Mid
!Tense
|e
| rowspan="2" |(ə)
|o
|-
!Lax
|(ɛ)
|(ɔ)
|-
! colspan="2" |Low
|
|a
|
|}
=== Orthography ===
{| class="wikitable"
!N.
!Letter
!IPA
!Name
!Original pronunciation
!Source language
!N.
!Letter
!IPA
!Name
!Original pronunciation
!Source language
!N.
!Letter
! IPA
!Name
!Original pronunciation
!Source language
|-
!1
!m
! /m/
|e'''m'''
|
|English
!2
!i
! /i/
|'''i'''
|
|English
!3
!c
!/k/
|'''k'''ii
|
|English
|-
!4
!y
! /j/
|'''j'''aɪ
|
|English
!5
!u
! /u/
|'''u'''
|
|English
!6
!a
!/a/
|'''a'''
|
|English
|-
!7
!p
!/p/
|'''p'''ii
|
|English
!8
!w
!/w/
|'''w'''ii
|
|English
! 9
!n
!/n/
|e'''n'''
|
|English
|-
! 10
!t
!/t/
|'''t'''ii
|
|English
!11
!l
!/l/
|e'''l'''
|
|English
!12
!s
!/s/
|e'''s'''
|
|English
|-
!13
!b
!/b/
|'''b'''ii
|
|English
!14
!ng
!/ŋ/
|e'''ŋ'''
|
|English
!15
!e
! /e/
|'''e'''
|
|English
|-
!16
!o
!/o/
|'''o'''
|
|English
! 17
!g
!/g/
|'''g'''ii
|
|English
!18
!h
!/h/
|'''h'''eɪtʃ
|
|English
|-
!19
!d
!/d/
|'''d'''ii
|
|English
!20
!r
!/r/
|e'''r'''e
|
|Spanish
!21
!f
!/f/
|e'''f'''e
|
|Spanish
|-
! 22
!ñ
!/ɲ/
|e'''ɲ'''e
|
|Spanish
! 23
!ch
!/ʃ/
|'''ʃ'''e
|
|Spanish
!24
!-
!/ʔ/
|gi'''ʔ'''on
|
|Spanish
|-
!25
!é
!/ɛ/
|'''ɛ'''
|
|Spanish
!26
!ó
!/ɔ/
|'''ɔ'''
|
|Spanish
!27
!z
!/z/
|'''z'''eta
|
|Spanish
|-
!28
!ll
!/ʒ/
|e'''ʒ'''e
|
|Spanish
!29
!v
!/v/
|'''v'''e
|
|Spanish
!30
!р
!/ɾ/
|ɛ'''ɾ'''
|
|Russian
|-
!31
!а
!/ə/
|'''ə'''
|
|Russian
!32
!х
!/x/
|'''x'''a
|
|Russian
!33
!ы
!/ɨ/
|'''ɨ'''
|
|Russian
|-
!34
!tt
!/ʈ/
|'''ʈ'''e
|
|French
!35
!ㅣ
!/ɪ/
|'''ɪ'''
|
|Korean
!36
!ガ
!/ɣ/
|'''ɣ'''a
|
|Japanese
|-
!37
!七
!/c/
|'''c'''ii
|
|Chinese
!38
!ù
!/ʊ/
|'''ʊ'''
|
|Italian
!39
!nk
!/ɳ/
|ɛ'''ɳ'''
|
|German
|-
!40
!ज
!/ɟ/
|'''ɟ'''ə
|
|Hindi
!41
!lh
!/ɭ/
|ɛ'''ɭ'''i
|
|Portuguese
!42
!wh
!/β/
|'''β'''ee
|
|Dutch
|-
!43
!р'
!/ɻ/
|ɛ'''ɻ'''
|
|Ukrainian
!
!
!
|
|
|
!
!
!
|
|
|
|}
=== Prosody ===
{| class="wikitable"
!
!Complex
!Simplified
!Diacritic
|-
!High
|˦˥
|˦
|á (Acute accent)
|-
!Mid
|˦˧˨
|(˧)
|a (Without accent)
|-
!Low
|˨˩
|˨
|à (Grave accent)
|}
=== Orthography ===
{| class="wikitable"
!N.
!Letter
!IPA
!Name
!Original pronunciation
!Source language
!N.
!Letter
!IPA
!Name
!Original pronunciation
!Source language
!N.
!Letter
! IPA
!Name
!Original pronunciation
!Source language
|-
!1
!m
! /m/
|e'''m'''
|
|English
!2
!i
! /i/
|'''i'''
|
|English
!3
!c
!/k/
|'''k'''ii
|
|English
|-
!4
!y
! /j/
|'''j'''aɪ
|
|English
!5
!u
! /u/
|'''u'''
|
|English
!6
!a
!/a/
|'''a'''
|
|English
|-
!7
!p
!/p/
|'''p'''ii
|
|English
!8
!w
!/w/
|'''w'''ii
|
|English
! 9
!n
!/n/
|e'''n'''
|
|English
|-
! 10
!t
!/t/
|'''t'''ii
|
|English
!11
!l
!/l/
|e'''l'''
|
|English
!12
!s
!/s/
|e'''s'''
|
|English
|-
!13
!b
!/b/
|'''b'''ii
|
|English
!14
!ng
!/ŋ/
|e'''ŋ'''
|
|English
!15
!e
! /e/
|'''e'''
|
|English
|-
!16
!o
!/o/
|'''o'''
|
|English
! 17
!g
!/g/
|'''g'''ii
|
|English
!18
!h
!/h/
|'''h'''eɪtʃ
|
|English
|-
!19
!d
!/d/
|'''d'''ii
|
|English
!20
!r
!/r/
|e'''r'''e
|
|Spanish
!21
!f
!/f/
|e'''f'''e
|
|Spanish
|-
! 22
!ñ
!/ɲ/
|e'''ɲ'''e
|
|Spanish
! 23
!ch
!/ʃ/
|'''ʃ'''e
|
|Spanish
!24
!-
!/ʔ/
|gi'''ʔ'''on
|
|Spanish
|-
!25
!é
!/ɛ/
|'''ɛ'''
|
|Spanish
!26
!ó
!/ɔ/
|'''ɔ'''
|
|Spanish
!27
!z
!/z/
|'''z'''eta
|
|Spanish
|-
!28
!ll
!/ʒ/
|e'''ʒ'''e
|
|Spanish
!29
!v
!/v/
|'''v'''e
|
|Spanish
!30
!р
!/ɾ/
|ɛ'''ɾ'''
|
|Russian
|-
!31
!а
!/ə/
|'''ə'''
|
|Russian
!32
!х
!/x/
|'''x'''a
|
|Russian
!33
!ы
!/ɨ/
|'''ɨ'''
|
|Russian
|-
!34
!tt
!/ʈ/
|'''ʈ'''e
|
|French
!35
!ㅣ
!/ɪ/
|'''ɪ'''
|
|Korean
!36
!ガ
!/ɣ/
|'''ɣ'''a
|
|Japanese
|-
!37
!七
!/c/
|'''c'''ii
|
|Chinese
!38
!ù
!/ʊ/
|'''ʊ'''
|
|Italian
!39
!nk
!/ɳ/
|ɛ'''ɳ'''
|
|German
|-
!40
!ज
!/ɟ/
|'''ɟ'''ə
|
|Hindi
!41
!lh
!/ɭ/
|ɛ'''ɭ'''i
|
|Portuguese
!42
!wh
!/β/
|'''β'''ee
|
|Dutch
|-
!43
!р'
!/ɻ/
|ɛ'''ɻ'''
|
|Ukrainian
!
!
!
|
|
|
!
!
!
|
|
|
|}
[[Category:PPA]]
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