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Valtamic: Difference between revisions
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The English [[w:Endonym and exonym|exonym]] ''Valtamic'' is a loan from [[w:Latin|Latin]] ''Vāltamicus'' (''"Valtamic; Livonian"''), with the most likely source being from Proto-Valtamic ''*βältämu'', from ''*βältä'' (''"strange"'') + ''*ämu'' (''"man, human"''), a theorized calque of a Finnic exonym. Nearly all European languages follow with loaning the Latin exonym, such as [[w:German language|German]] ''Waltamisch'', [[w:French language|French]] ''Valtamien'', and [[w:Russian language|Russian]] ''Валтамский'' (''Valtamskij''). | The English [[w:Endonym and exonym|exonym]] ''Valtamic'' is a loan from [[w:Latin|Latin]] ''Vāltamicus'' (''"Valtamic; Livonian"''), with the most likely source being from Proto-Valtamic ''*βältämu'', from ''*βältä'' (''"strange"'') + ''*ämu'' (''"man, human"''), a theorized calque of a Finnic exonym. Nearly all European languages follow with loaning the Latin exonym, such as [[w:German language|German]] ''Waltamisch'', [[w:French language|French]] ''Valtamien'', and [[w:Russian language|Russian]] ''Валтамский'' (''Valtamskij''). | ||
The native [[w:Endonym and exonym|endonym]] ''Äljämhor'' is unrelated to Latin exonym, instead coming from Proto-Valtamic ''*βärjämu'', from ''*βäre'' (''"foreign"'') + ''*ämu'' (''"man, human"''), + Modern Valtamic ''-hor'' (''adjective-forming suffix'') , with unexplained loss of the initial ''*β''. It's also a theorized calque of another Finnic exonym. | The native [[w:Endonym and exonym|endonym]] ''Äljämhor'' is unrelated to the Latin exonym, instead coming from Proto-Valtamic ''*βärjämu'', from ''*βäre'' (''"foreign"'') + ''*ämu'' (''"man, human"''), + Modern Valtamic ''-hor'' (''adjective-forming suffix'') , with unexplained loss of the initial ''*β''. It's also a theorized calque of another Finnic exonym. | ||
===Proto-Valtamic=== | ===Proto-Valtamic=== | ||
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* [ᵻ ω] are unused IPA symbols representing near-close [ɪ̈ ɯ̽]. | * [ᵻ ω] are unused IPA symbols representing near-close [ɪ̈ ɯ̽]. | ||
* Back [ | * Back [ɑ̝(ˑ) ɤ̞(ˑ) o̞(ˑ) ɯ(ˑ) u(ˑ)] [ʌ ɜ ɔ ω ʊ ɔ̞] become central [ä̝(ˑ) ɘ̞(ˑ) ɵ̞(ˑ) ɨ(ˑ) ʉ(ˑ)] [ɐ ɜ ɞ ᵻ ᵿ ɐ] in the presence of a palatal consonant. | ||
* Unstressed [ᵻ] may alternatively be pronounced as central [ə]. | * Unstressed [ᵻ] may alternatively be pronounced as central [ə]. | ||
* Stressed [ɤ̞(ˑ)] may alternatively be pronounced as front [ø̞ˑ], even though it messes with the harmony of inflectional endings. | * Stressed [ɤ̞(ˑ)] may alternatively be pronounced as front [ø̞ˑ], even though it messes with the harmony of inflectional endings. | ||
* Unstressed [ɜ] may alternatively be pronounced as central [ə], merged with [ʌ], or (in the case of stressed [ø̞ˑ]) front [œ]. | * Unstressed [ɜ] may alternatively be pronounced as central [ə], merged with [ʌ], or (in the case of stressed [ø̞ˑ]) front [œ]. | ||
* Stress-pairs [ | * Stress-pairs [æ(ˑ) ɛ] [ɑ̝(ˑ) ʌ] may alternatively be pronounced as true open [æ̞(ˑ) ɛ̞] [ɑ(ˑ) ʌ̞]. | ||
===Consonants=== | ===Consonants=== | ||