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Old Auregan: Difference between revisions
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→Weak verbs
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Where class-one verbs have gemination, class-two verbs have <i>, which is a separate syllable pronounced [i]. All class-two verbs have an epenthetic vowel, which appears as <a> or <o>. | Where class-one verbs have gemination, class-two verbs have <i>, which is a separate syllable pronounced [i]. All class-two verbs have an epenthetic vowel, which appears as <a> or <o>. | ||
In the following table, three verbs are conjugated. ''Swebban'' 'to put to sleep' is a class-one verb exhibiting gemination and an epenthetic vowel. '' | In the following table, three verbs are conjugated. ''Swebban'' 'to put to sleep' is a class-one verb exhibiting gemination and an epenthetic vowel. ''Hêalean'' 'to heal' is a class-one verb exhibiting neither gemination nor an epenthetic vowel. ''Sîðeon'' 'to travel' is a class-two verb. | ||
{| {{Table/bluetable}} border=1 style="text-align:center; margin:1em 1em 1em 0; border:1px #333 solid; border-collapse:collapse;" | {| {{Table/bluetable}} border=1 style="text-align:center; margin:1em 1em 1em 0; border:1px #333 solid; border-collapse:collapse;" | ||
! style="background:#efafef;"|'''Conjugation''' | ! style="background:#efafef;"|'''Conjugation''' | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| style="background:#efefef;" rowspan="2" colspan="2"|'''Infinitives''' | | style="background:#efefef;" rowspan="2" colspan="2"|'''Infinitives''' | ||
| | | swebbean || hêalean || sîþeon | ||
|- | |- | ||
| te | | te swebbeanne || te hêaleanne || te sîþeonne | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="background:#efefef;" rowspan="5"|'''Present indicative''' | | style="background:#efefef;" rowspan="5"|'''Present indicative''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="background:#efefef;"|''' | | style="background:#efefef;"|'''ic''' || swebbeo || hêaleo || sîþeo | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="background:#efefef;"|''' | | style="background:#efefef;"|'''þû''' || sweƀest || hêalest || sîþest | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="background:#efefef;"|''' | | style="background:#efefef;"|'''hî/hit/îo''' || sweƀeð || hêaleþ || sîþeð | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="background:#efefef;"|''' | | style="background:#efefef;"|'''wî/gî/hêa''' || swebbeað || hêaleað || sîþeoð | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="background:#efefef;" rowspan="4"|'''Past indicative''' | | style="background:#efefef;" rowspan="4"|'''Past indicative''' | ||
| style="background:#efefef;"|''' | | style="background:#efefef;"|'''ic''' || sweƀoda || hêalda || sîþoda | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="background:#efefef;"|''' | | style="background:#efefef;"|'''þû''' || sweƀodest || hêaldest || sîþodest | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="background:#efefef;"|''' | | style="background:#efefef;"|'''hî/hit/sîo''' || sweƀoda || hêalda || sîþoda | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="background:#efefef;"|''' | | style="background:#efefef;"|'''wî/gî/hêa''' || sweƀodon || hêaldon || sîþodon | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="background:#efefef;" rowspan="2"|'''Present subjunctive''' | | style="background:#efefef;" rowspan="2"|'''Present subjunctive''' | ||
| style="background:#efefef;"|''' | | style="background:#efefef;"|'''ic/þû/hî/hit/sîo''' || swebbe || hêale || sîþe | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="background:#efefef;"|''' | | style="background:#efefef;"|''' wî/gî/hêa ''' || swebben || hêalen || sîþen | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="background:#efefef;" rowspan="2"|'''Past subjunctive''' | | style="background:#efefef;" rowspan="2"|'''Past subjunctive''' | ||
| style="background:#efefef;"|''' | | style="background:#efefef;"|'''ic/þû/hî/hit/sîo''' || sweƀodi || hêaldi || sîþodi | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="background:#efefef;"|''' | | style="background:#efefef;"|'''wî/gî/hêa''' || sweƀodin || hêaldin || sîþodin | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="background:#efefef;" rowspan="2"|'''Imperative''' | | style="background:#efefef;" rowspan="2"|'''Imperative''' | ||
| style="background:#efefef;"|'''Singular''' || sweƀe || | | style="background:#efefef;"|'''Singular''' || sweƀe || hêale || sîþe | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="background:#efefef;"|'''Plural''' || | | style="background:#efefef;"|'''Plural''' || swebbeað || hêaleað || sîþeað | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="background:#efefef;" colspan="2"| '''Present participle''' || sweƀendi || | | style="background:#efefef;" colspan="2"| '''Present participle''' || sweƀendi || hêalendi || sîþende | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="background:#efefef;" colspan="2"|'''Past participle''' || | | style="background:#efefef;" colspan="2"|'''Past participle''' || gesweƀed || gehêaled || gesîþeod | ||
|} | |} | ||
During the Old Auregan period, the third class was significantly reduced; only four verbs belonged to this group: '' | During the Old Auregan period, the third class was significantly reduced; only four verbs belonged to this group: ''hebbean'' 'have', ''libbean'' 'live', ''sedgean'' 'say', and ''hudġean'' 'think'. Each of these verbs is distinctly irregular, though they share some commonalities. | ||
{|{{Table/bluetable}} border=1 style="text-align:center; margin:1em 1em 1em 0; border:1px #333 solid; border-collapse:collapse;" | {|{{Table/bluetable}} border=1 style="text-align:center; margin:1em 1em 1em 0; border:1px #333 solid; border-collapse:collapse;" | ||
! style="background:#efafef;"|'''Conjugation''' | ! style="background:#efafef;"|'''Conjugation''' | ||
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! style="background:#efefef;"|'think' | ! style="background:#efefef;"|'think' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="background:#efefef;" colspan="2"|'''Infinitive''' || | | style="background:#efefef;" colspan="2"|'''Infinitive''' || hebbean || libbean || sedgean || hudġean | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="background:#efefef;" rowspan="5"|'''Present indicative''' | | style="background:#efefef;" rowspan="5"|'''Present indicative''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="background:#efefef;"|'''icḳ''' || | | style="background:#efefef;"|'''icḳ''' || hebbeo || libbeo || sedġeo || hudġeo | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="background:#efefef;"|'''þū''' || haƀest || liƀest || sagest || hogest | | style="background:#efefef;"|'''þū''' || haƀest || liƀest || sagest || hogest | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="background:#efefef;"|'''hī/hit/sīo''' || | | style="background:#efefef;"|'''hī/hit/sīo''' || haƀeþ || liƀeþ || sageþ || hogeþ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="background:#efefef;"|'''wī/ġī/hēa''' || | | style="background:#efefef;"|'''wī/ġī/hēa''' || habbeað || libbeað || sedgeað || hudgeað | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="background:#efefef;" |'''Past indicative''' | | style="background:#efefef;" |'''Past indicative''' | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| style="background:#efefef;" |'''Present subjunctive''' | | style="background:#efefef;" |'''Present subjunctive''' | ||
| style="background:#efefef;"|'''(all persons)''' || hebbe || libbe || | | style="background:#efefef;"|'''(all persons)''' || hebbe || libbe || sedge || hudge | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="background:#efefef;" |'''Past subjunctive''' | | style="background:#efefef;" |'''Past subjunctive''' | ||
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| style="background:#efefef;"|'''Singular''' || haƀe || liƀe || sage || hoge | | style="background:#efefef;"|'''Singular''' || haƀe || liƀe || sage || hoge | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="background:#efefef;"|'''Plural''' || | | style="background:#efefef;"|'''Plural''' || hebbeað || libbeað || sedgeað || hudgeað | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="background:#efefef;" colspan="2"| '''Present participle''' || hebbendi || libbendi || | | style="background:#efefef;" colspan="2"| '''Present participle''' || hebbendi || libbendi || sedgendi || hudgendi | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="background:#efefef;" colspan="2"|'''Past participle''' || | | style="background:#efefef;" colspan="2"|'''Past participle''' || gehafd || gelifd ||gesagd || gehogd | ||
|} | |} | ||