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Phrygian (Semitic) (view source)

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Phrygian grammar is very similar of that of other Semitic languages, with some main differences being the retention of case declension and complex verb conjugation, and the loss of the construct state.
Phrygian grammar is very similar of that of other Semitic languages, with some main differences being the retention of case declension and complex verb conjugation, and the loss of the construct state.


Like other Semitic languages, Phrygian relies on [[w:Nonconcatenative morphology|nonconcatenative morphology]], inserting roots of three or more consonants that carry basic meanings into discontinuous patterns for all sorts of grammatical purposes. For example, from the root {{vry-times||◌̔-ƞ-c}} (''h-p-s, "relating to speaking and vocalizing"'') can be derived:
Like other Semitic languages, Phrygian relies on [[w:Nonconcatenative morphology|nonconcatenative morphology]], inserting roots of three or more consonants that carry basic meanings into discontinuous patterns for all sorts of grammatical purposes. For example, from the root '''◌̔-ƞ-c''' (''h-p-s, "relating to speaking and vocalizing"'') can be derived:
*{{vry-times||ɛ̔ƞcóı}}, ''hepsú'' (''"it was spoken"'')
*'''ɛ̔ƞcóı''', ''hepsú'' (''"it was spoken"'')
*{{vry-times||ɛ̔ƞocɛү}}, ''héposen'' (''"I must speak"'')
*'''ɛ̔ƞocɛү''', ''héposen'' (''"I must speak"'')
*{{vry-times||ɑ̔ƞɛc}}, ''hápes'' (''"speaker"'')
*'''ɑ̔ƞɛc''', ''hápes'' (''"speaker"'')
*{{vry-times||ɑ̔ƞcɛɜ}}, ''hápsesj'' (''"loudspeaker"'')
*'''ɑ̔ƞcɛɜ''', ''hápsesj'' (''"loudspeaker"'')
*{{vry-times||ɛ̔ƞɑ́cɛɜ}}, ''hepásesj'' (''"speech"'')
*'''ɛ̔ƞɑ́cɛɜ''', ''hepásesj'' (''"speech"'')
*{{vry-times||o̔ƞc}}, ''hops'' (''"word"'''')
*'''o̔ƞc''', ''hops'' (''"word"'')


===Nominals===
===Nominals===
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=====Masculine declension=====
=====Masculine declension=====
Masculine nouns regularly form their plurals with {{vry-times||-óı}} (''-ú'') in the nominative case and {{vry-times||-í}} (''-í'') in the oblique and vocative cases. Their definite article is {{vry-times||o̔ʌ}} (''hol'') in the nominative case and {{vry-times||roʌ}} (''tol'') in the oblique case. They also tend to feature stem alteration between numbers:
Masculine nouns regularly form their plurals with '''-óı''' (''-ú'') in the nominative case and '''-í''' (''-í'') in the oblique and vocative cases. Their definite article is '''o̔ʌ''' (''hol'') in the nominative case and '''roʌ''' (''tol'') in the oblique case. They also tend to feature stem alteration between numbers:
<div style=display:inline-grid>
<div style=display:inline-grid>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+ [[Contionary:iaum|{{vry-times||ıɑoɯ}}]] (''iaum, "day"'')
|+ [[Contionary:iaum|ıɑoɯ]] (''iaum, "day"'')
!  
!  
! Singular
! Singular
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|-
|-
! Nominative
! Nominative
| {{vry-times||(o̔ʌ) ıɑoɯ}}<br><span style="color:grey">''(hol) iaum''</span>
| (o̔ʌ) ıɑoɯ<br><span style="color:grey">''(hol) iaum''</span>
| {{vry-times||(o̔ʌ) ıoıɯóı}}<br><span style="color:grey">''(hol) iumú''</span>
| (o̔ʌ) ıoıɯóı<br><span style="color:grey">''(hol) iumú''</span>
|-
|-
! Oblique
! Oblique
| {{vry-times||(roʌ) ıɑ́oɯɛ}}<br><span style="color:grey">''(tol) iáume''</span>
| (roʌ) ıɑ́oɯɛ<br><span style="color:grey">''(tol) iáume''</span>
| {{vry-times||(roʌ) ıoıɯí}}<br><span style="color:grey">''(tol) iumí''</span>
| (roʌ) ıoıɯí<br><span style="color:grey">''(tol) iumí''</span>
|-
|-
! Vocative
! Vocative
| {{vry-times||oɛx ıɑ́oɯɛ}}<br><span style="color:grey">''fech iáume''</span>
| oɛx ıɑ́oɯɛ<br><span style="color:grey">''fech iáume''</span>
| {{vry-times||oɛ́xoɯ ıoıɯí}}<br><span style="color:grey">''féchom iumí''</span>
| oɛ́xoɯ ıoıɯí<br><span style="color:grey">''féchom iumí''</span>
|}
|}
</div>
</div>
<div style=display:inline-grid>
<div style=display:inline-grid>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+ [[Contionary:eb|{{vry-times||ɛɓ̰}}]] (''eb, "father"'')
|+ [[Contionary:eb|ɛɓ̰]] (''eb, "father"'')
!  
!  
! Singular
! Singular
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|-
|-
! Nominative
! Nominative
| {{vry-times||(o̔ʌ) ɛɓ̰}}<br><span style="color:grey">''(hol) eb''</span>
| (o̔ʌ) ɛɓ̰<br><span style="color:grey">''(hol) eb''</span>
| {{vry-times||(o̔ʌ) ɛɓ̰ɑүóı}}<br><span style="color:grey">''(hol) ebanú''</span>
| (o̔ʌ) ɛɓ̰ɑүóı<br><span style="color:grey">''(hol) ebanú''</span>
|-
|-
! Oblique
! Oblique
| {{vry-times||(roʌ) ɛ́ɓ̰ɛ}}<br><span style="color:grey">''(tol) ébe''</span>
| (roʌ) ɛ́ɓ̰ɛ<br><span style="color:grey">''(tol) ébe''</span>
| {{vry-times||(roʌ) ɛɓ̰ɑүí}}<br><span style="color:grey">''(tol) ebaní''</span>
| (roʌ) ɛɓ̰ɑүí<br><span style="color:grey">''(tol) ebaní''</span>
|-
|-
! Vocative
! Vocative
| {{vry-times||oɛx ɛ́ɓ̰ɛ}}<br><span style="color:grey">''fech ébe''</span>
| oɛx ɛ́ɓ̰ɛ<br><span style="color:grey">''fech ébe''</span>
| {{vry-times||oɛ́xoɯ ɛɓ̰ɑүí}}<br><span style="color:grey">''féchom ebaní''</span>
| oɛ́xoɯ ɛɓ̰ɑүí<br><span style="color:grey">''féchom ebaní''</span>
|}
|}
</div>
</div>


=====Feminine declension=====
=====Feminine declension=====
Feminine nouns often end with {{vry-times||-ɛɜ}} (''-esj'') in the nominative case and {{vry-times||-ɑ́}} (''-á'') in the vocative and regularly form their plurals by replacing them with {{vry-times||-ɑ́ɜ}} (''-ásj'') in the nominative case and {{vry-times||-ɑ́ɜɛ}} (''-ásje'') in the oblique and vocative cases. Their definite article is {{vry-times||i̔ʌ}} (''hil'') in the nominative case and {{vry-times||rıʌ}} (''til'') in the oblique case. They tend to not feature stem alteration between numbers:
Feminine nouns often end with '''-ɛɜ''' (''-esj'') in the nominative case and '''-ɑ́''' (''-á'') in the vocative and regularly form their plurals by replacing them with '''-ɑ́ɜ''' (''-ásj'') in the nominative case and '''-ɑ́ɜɛ''' (''-ásje'') in the oblique and vocative cases. Their definite article is '''i̔ʌ''' (''hil'') in the nominative case and '''rıʌ''' (''til'') in the oblique case. They tend to not feature stem alteration between numbers:
<div style=display:inline-grid>
<div style=display:inline-grid>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+ [[Contionary:échesj|{{vry-times||ɛ́mɛɜ}}]] (''échesj, "sister"'')
|+ [[Contionary:échesj|ɛ́mɛɜ]] (''échesj, "sister"'')
!  
!  
! Singular
! Singular
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|-
|-
! Nominative
! Nominative
| {{vry-times||(i̔ʌ) ɛ́mɛɜ}}<br><span style="color:grey">''(hil) échesj''</span>
| (i̔ʌ) ɛ́mɛɜ<br><span style="color:grey">''(hil) échesj''</span>
| {{vry-times||(i̔ʌ) ɛmɑ́ɜ}}<br><span style="color:grey">''(til) echásj''</span>
| (i̔ʌ) ɛmɑ́ɜ<br><span style="color:grey">''(til) echásj''</span>
|-
|-
! Oblique
! Oblique
| {{vry-times||(rıʌ) ɛ́mɜɛ}}<br><span style="color:grey">''(hil) échsje''</span>
| (rıʌ) ɛ́mɜɛ<br><span style="color:grey">''(hil) échsje''</span>
| {{vry-times||(rıʌ) ɛmɑ́ɜɛ}}<br><span style="color:grey">''(til) echásje''</span>
| (rıʌ) ɛmɑ́ɜɛ<br><span style="color:grey">''(til) echásje''</span>
|-
|-
! Vocative
! Vocative
| {{vry-times||oɛx ɛmɑ́}}<br><span style="color:grey">''fech echá''</span>
| oɛx ɛmɑ́<br><span style="color:grey">''fech echá''</span>
| {{vry-times||oɛxɑ́ɜ ɛmɑ́ɜɛ}}<br><span style="color:grey">''fechásj echásje''</span>
| oɛxɑ́ɜ ɛmɑ́ɜɛ<br><span style="color:grey">''fechásj echásje''</span>
|}
|}
</div>
</div>
<div style=display:inline-grid>
<div style=display:inline-grid>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+ [[Contionary:sjench|{{vry-times||ɜɛүm}}]] (''sjench, "sun"'')
|+ [[Contionary:sjench|ɜɛүm]] (''sjench, "sun"'')
!  
!  
! Singular
! Singular
Line 442: Line 442:
|-
|-
! Nominative
! Nominative
| {{vry-times||(i̔ʌ) ɜɛүm}}<br><span style="color:grey">''(hil) sjench''</span>
| (i̔ʌ) ɜɛүm<br><span style="color:grey">''(hil) sjench''</span>
| {{vry-times||(i̔ʌ) ɜɛүmɑ́ɜ}}<br><span style="color:grey">''(hil) sjenchásj''</span>
| (i̔ʌ) ɜɛүmɑ́ɜ<br><span style="color:grey">''(hil) sjenchásj''</span>
|-
|-
! Oblique
! Oblique
| {{vry-times||(rıʌ) ɜɛ́үmɛ}}<br><span style="color:grey">''(til) sjénche''</span>
| (rıʌ) ɜɛ́үmɛ<br><span style="color:grey">''(til) sjénche''</span>
| {{vry-times||(rıʌ) ɜɛүmɑ́ɜɛ}}<br><span style="color:grey">''(til) sjenchásje''</span>
| (rıʌ) ɜɛүmɑ́ɜɛ<br><span style="color:grey">''(til) sjenchásje''</span>
|-
|-
! Vocative
! Vocative
| {{vry-times||oɛx ɜɛүmɑ́}}<br><span style="color:grey">''fech sjenchá''</span>
| oɛx ɜɛүmɑ́<br><span style="color:grey">''fech sjenchá''</span>
| {{vry-times||oɛxɑ́ɜ ɜɛүmɑ́ɜɛ}}<br><span style="color:grey">''fechásj sjenchásje''</span>
| oɛxɑ́ɜ ɜɛүmɑ́ɜɛ<br><span style="color:grey">''fechásj sjenchásje''</span>
|}
|}
</div>
</div>
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<div style=display:inline-grid>
<div style=display:inline-grid>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+ [[Contionary:odei|{{vry-times||ós̃ɛï}}]] (''ódeï, "ear"'')
|+ [[Contionary:odei|ós̃ɛï]] (''ódeï, "ear"'')
!  
!  
! Singular
! Singular
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|-
|-
! Nominative
! Nominative
| {{vry-times||(i̔ʌ) ós̃ɛï}}<br><span style="color:grey">''(hil) ódeï''</span>
| (i̔ʌ) ós̃ɛï<br><span style="color:grey">''(hil) ódeï''</span>
| {{vry-times||(i̔ʌ) os̃ɛıɑ́}}<br><span style="color:grey">''(til) odeiá''</span>
| (i̔ʌ) os̃ɛıɑ́<br><span style="color:grey">''(til) odeiá''</span>
|-
|-
! Oblique
! Oblique
| {{vry-times||(rıʌ) ósɛ}}<br><span style="color:grey">''(hil) ódje''</span>
| (rıʌ) ósɛ<br><span style="color:grey">''(hil) ódje''</span>
| {{vry-times||(rıʌ) osɑ́ı}}<br><span style="color:grey">''(til) odjái''</span>
| (rıʌ) osɑ́ı<br><span style="color:grey">''(til) odjái''</span>
|-
|-
! Vocative
! Vocative
| {{vry-times||oɛx osɑ́}}<br><span style="color:grey">''fech odjá''</span>
| oɛx osɑ́<br><span style="color:grey">''fech odjá''</span>
| {{vry-times||oɛxɑ́ɜ osɑ́ı}}<br><span style="color:grey">''fechásj odjái''</span>
| oɛxɑ́ɜ osɑ́ı<br><span style="color:grey">''fechásj odjái''</span>
|}
|}
</div>
</div>
<div style=display:inline-grid>
<div style=display:inline-grid>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+ [[Contionary:chepp|{{vry-times||xɛƞƞ}}]] (''chepp, "cup"'')
|+ [[Contionary:chepp|xɛƞƞ]] (''chepp, "cup"'')
!  
!  
! Singular
! Singular
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|-
|-
! Nominative
! Nominative
| {{vry-times||(i̔ʌ) xɛƞƞ}}<br><span style="color:grey">''(hil) chepp''</span>
| (i̔ʌ) xɛƞƞ<br><span style="color:grey">''(hil) chepp''</span>
| {{vry-times||(i̔ʌ) xɛƞƞɑ́}}<br><span style="color:grey">''(hil) cheppá''</span>
| (i̔ʌ) xɛƞƞɑ́<br><span style="color:grey">''(hil) cheppá''</span>
|-
|-
! Oblique
! Oblique
| {{vry-times||(rıʌ) xɛ́ƞƞɛ}}<br><span style="color:grey">''(til) chéppe''</span>
| (rıʌ) xɛ́ƞƞɛ<br><span style="color:grey">''(til) chéppe''</span>
| {{vry-times||(rıʌ) xɛƞƞɑ́ı}}<br><span style="color:grey">''(til) cheppái''</span>
| (rıʌ) xɛƞƞɑ́ı<br><span style="color:grey">''(til) cheppái''</span>
|-
|-
! Vocative
! Vocative
| {{vry-times||oɛx xɛƞƞɑ́}}<br><span style="color:grey">''fech cheppá''</span>
| oɛx xɛƞƞɑ́<br><span style="color:grey">''fech cheppá''</span>
| {{vry-times||oɛxɑ́ɜ xɛƞƞɑ́ı}}<br><span style="color:grey">''fechásj cheppái''</span>
| oɛxɑ́ɜ xɛƞƞɑ́ı<br><span style="color:grey">''fechásj cheppái''</span>
|}
|}
</div>
</div>


====Adjectives====
====Adjectives====
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<div style=display:inline-grid>
<div style=display:inline-grid>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+ [[Contionary:taf|{{vry-times||rɑɓ}}]] (''taf, "fine; tender"'')
|+ [[Contionary:taf|rɑɓ]] (''taf, "fine; tender"'')
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" |  
! rowspan="2" |  
Line 516: Line 515:
|-
|-
! style="vertical-align:middle; font-weight:bold;" | Nominative
! style="vertical-align:middle; font-weight:bold;" | Nominative
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | {{vry-times||rɑɓ}}<br><span style="color:grey">''taf''</span>
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | rɑɓ<br><span style="color:grey">''taf''</span>
| {{vry-times||rɑɓóı}}<br><span style="color:grey">''tafú''</span>
| rɑɓóı<br><span style="color:grey">''tafú''</span>
| {{vry-times||rɑ́ɓɛɜ}}<br><span style="color:grey">''táfesj''</span>
| rɑ́ɓɛɜ<br><span style="color:grey">''táfesj''</span>
| {{vry-times||rɑɓɑ́ɜ}}<br><span style="color:grey">''tafásj''</span>
| rɑɓɑ́ɜ<br><span style="color:grey">''tafásj''</span>
|-
|-
! style="vertical-align:middle; font-weight:bold;" | Oblique<br>Vocative
! style="vertical-align:middle; font-weight:bold;" | Oblique<br>Vocative
| {{vry-times||rɑ́ɓɛ}}<br><span style="color:grey">''táfe''</span>
| rɑ́ɓɛ<br><span style="color:grey">''táfe''</span>
| {{vry-times||rɑɓí}}<br><span style="color:grey">''tafí''</span>
| rɑɓí<br><span style="color:grey">''tafí''</span>
| {{vry-times||rɑ́ɓɜɛ}}<br><span style="color:grey">''táfsje''</span>
| rɑ́ɓɜɛ<br><span style="color:grey">''táfsje''</span>
| {{vry-times||rɑɓɑ́ɜɛ}}<br><span style="color:grey">''tafásje''</span>
| rɑɓɑ́ɜɛ<br><span style="color:grey">''tafásje''</span>
|}
|}
</div>
</div>
<div style=display:inline-grid>
<div style=display:inline-grid>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+ [[Contionary:poqor|{{vry-times||ƞóũop}}]] (''póqor, "unimportant"'')
|+ [[Contionary:poqor|ƞóũop]] (''póqor, "unimportant"'')
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" |  
! rowspan="2" |  
Line 542: Line 541:
|-
|-
! style="vertical-align:middle; font-weight:bold;" | Nominative
! style="vertical-align:middle; font-weight:bold;" | Nominative
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | {{vry-times||ƞóũop}}<br><span style="color:grey">''póqor''</span>
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | ƞóũop<br><span style="color:grey">''póqor''</span>
| {{vry-times||ƞoũpóı}}<br><span style="color:grey">''poqrú''</span>
| ƞoũpóı<br><span style="color:grey">''poqrú''</span>
| {{vry-times||ƞóũpɛɜ}}<br><span style="color:grey">''póqresj''</span>
| ƞóũpɛɜ<br><span style="color:grey">''póqresj''</span>
| {{vry-times||ƞoũpɑ́ɜ}}<br><span style="color:grey">''poqrásj''</span>
| ƞoũpɑ́ɜ<br><span style="color:grey">''poqrásj''</span>
|-
|-
! style="vertical-align:middle; font-weight:bold;" | Oblique<br>Vocative
! style="vertical-align:middle; font-weight:bold;" | Oblique<br>Vocative
| {{vry-times||ƞóũpɛ}}<br><span style="color:grey">''póqre''</span>
| ƞóũpɛ<br><span style="color:grey">''póqre''</span>
| {{vry-times||ƞoũpí}}<br><span style="color:grey">''poqrí''</span>
| ƞoũpí<br><span style="color:grey">''poqrí''</span>
| {{vry-times||ƞóũopɜɛ}}<br><span style="color:grey">''póqorsje''</span>
| ƞóũopɜɛ<br><span style="color:grey">''póqorsje''</span>
| {{vry-times||ƞoũpɑ́ɜɛ}}<br><span style="color:grey">''poqrásje''</span>
| ƞoũpɑ́ɜɛ<br><span style="color:grey">''poqrásje''</span>
|}
|}
</div>
</div>
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Phrygian frequently drops nominative pronouns with non-past verbal constructions, but not with past verbal constructions:
Phrygian frequently drops nominative pronouns with non-past verbal constructions, but not with past verbal constructions:
*{{vry-times|ᴄ|oıƞ pɛ́o̔‛ ıoı}}, ''Sup réhoh iu'' (''"I will see it", pronoun dropped'')
*{{phr-font|ᴄ|oıƞ pɛ́o̔‛ ıoı}}''', ''Sup réhoh iu'' (''"I will see it", pronoun dropped'')
*{{vry-times|'''ᴇ'''|'''үɑ́''' pɛ́ɛ̔ ıoı}}, '''''Ená''' réhe iu'' (''"'''I''' saw it", pronoun kept'')
*{{phr-font|'''ᴇ'''|'''үɑ́''' pɛ́ɛ̔ ıoı}}''', '''''Ená''' réhe iu'' (''"'''I''' saw it", pronoun kept'')


<div style=display:inline-grid>
<div style=display:inline-grid>
Line 570: Line 569:
|-
|-
! colspan="2" | 1st person
! colspan="2" | 1st person
| {{vry-times||ɛүɑ́}}<br><span style="color:grey">''ená''</span>
| ɛүɑ́<br><span style="color:grey">''ená''</span>
| {{vry-times||ɛүɛ́n}}<br><span style="color:grey">''enéch''</span>
| ɛүɛ́n<br><span style="color:grey">''enéch''</span>
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | 2nd person
! rowspan="2" | 2nd person
! <small>Masculine</small>
! <small>Masculine</small>
| rowspan="2" | {{vry-times||ɛүq}}<br><span style="color:grey">''entj''</span>
| rowspan="2" | ɛүq<br><span style="color:grey">''entj''</span>
| {{vry-times||ɛ́үqoɯ}}<br><span style="color:grey">''éntjom''</span>
| ɛ́үqoɯ<br><span style="color:grey">''éntjom''</span>
|-
|-
! <small>Feminine</small>
! <small>Feminine</small>
| {{vry-times||ɛ́үqɛı}}<br><span style="color:grey">''éntjei''</span>
| ɛ́үqɛı<br><span style="color:grey">''éntjei''</span>
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | 3rd person
! rowspan="2" | 3rd person
! <small>Masculine</small>
! <small>Masculine</small>
| {{vry-times||oɛ}}<br><span style="color:grey">''fe''</span>
| oɛ<br><span style="color:grey">''fe''</span>
| {{vry-times||oɯ}}<br><span style="color:grey">''om''</span>
| oɯ<br><span style="color:grey">''om''</span>
|-
|-
! <small>Feminine</small>
! <small>Feminine</small>
| {{vry-times||ıɛ}}<br><span style="color:grey">''ie''</span>
| ıɛ<br><span style="color:grey">''ie''</span>
| {{vry-times||ɛıı}}<br><span style="color:grey">''eii''</span>
| ɛıı<br><span style="color:grey">''eii''</span>
|}
|}
</div>
</div>
Line 599: Line 598:
|-
|-
! colspan="2" | 1st person
! colspan="2" | 1st person
| colspan="2" | {{vry-times||ɛ́ïıɛ}}<br><span style="color:grey">''éïie''</span>
| colspan="2" | ɛ́ïıɛ<br><span style="color:grey">''éïie''</span>
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | 2nd person
! rowspan="2" | 2nd person
! <small>Masculine</small>
! <small>Masculine</small>
| rowspan="2" | {{vry-times||ɑıx}}<br><span style="color:grey">''aich''</span>
| rowspan="2" | ɑıx<br><span style="color:grey">''aich''</span>
| {{vry-times||ɑ́ıxoɯ}}<br><span style="color:grey">''áichom''</span>
| ɑ́ıxoɯ<br><span style="color:grey">''áichom''</span>
|-
|-
! <small>Feminine</small>
! <small>Feminine</small>
| {{vry-times||ɑ́ıxɛï}}<br><span style="color:grey">''áicheï''</span>
| ɑ́ıxɛï<br><span style="color:grey">''áicheï''</span>
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | 3rd person
! rowspan="2" | 3rd person
! <small>Masculine</small>
! <small>Masculine</small>
| {{vry-times||ıoı}}<br><span style="color:grey">''iu''</span>
| ıoı<br><span style="color:grey">''iu''</span>
| {{vry-times||ıoɯ}}<br><span style="color:grey">''iom''</span>
| ıoɯ<br><span style="color:grey">''iom''</span>
|-
|-
! <small>Feminine</small>
! <small>Feminine</small>
| {{vry-times||ıɛ}}<br><span style="color:grey">''ie''</span>
| ıɛ<br><span style="color:grey">''ie''</span>
| {{vry-times||ıɛï}}<br><span style="color:grey">''ieï''</span>
| ıɛï<br><span style="color:grey">''ieï''</span>
|}
|}
</div>
</div>
Line 622: Line 621:
Phrygian employs its enclitic pronouns as possessive particles and objects of prepositions:
Phrygian employs its enclitic pronouns as possessive particles and objects of prepositions:


* {{vry-times|ƞ|ípɛï}}<span style="color:blue">{{vry-times||x}}</span> {{vry-times||ıxóıү vɛ́ɯ}}<span style="color:green">{{vry-times||ɛï}}</span>, ''Píreï<span style="color:blue">ch</span> ichún ghém<span style="color:green">eï</span>'' (''"<span style="color:blue">Your</span> book is with <span style="color:green">me</span>'')
* {{phr-font|ƞ|ípɛï}}<span style="color:blue">{{phr-font||x}}</span> {{phr-font||ıxóıү vɛ́ɯ}}<span style="color:green">{{phr-font||ɛï}}</span>, ''Píreï<span style="color:blue">ch</span> ichún ghém<span style="color:green">eï</span>'' (''"<span style="color:blue">Your</span> book is with <span style="color:green">me</span>'')


{| class="wikitable" style="font-weight:bold; text-align:center;"
{| class="wikitable" style="font-weight:bold; text-align:center;"
Line 632: Line 631:
|-
|-
! colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;" | 1st person
! colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;" | 1st person
| colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle; font-weight:normal;" | {{vry-times||-(ɛ)ï}}<br><span style="color:grey">''-(e)ï''</span>
| colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle; font-weight:normal;" | -(ɛ)ï<br><span style="color:grey">''-(e)ï''</span>
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;" | 2nd person
! rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;" | 2nd person
! Masculine
! Masculine
| rowspan="2" style="font-weight:normal;" | {{vry-times||-(ɛ)x}}<br><span style="color:grey">''-(e)ch''</span>
| rowspan="2" style="font-weight:normal;" | -(ɛ)x<br><span style="color:grey">''-(e)ch''</span>
| style="font-weight:normal;" | {{vry-times||-(ɛ)xoɯ}}<br><span style="color:grey">''-(e)chom''</span>
| style="font-weight:normal;" | -(ɛ)xoɯ<br><span style="color:grey">''-(e)chom''</span>
|-
|-
! Feminine
! Feminine
| style="font-weight:normal;" | {{vry-times||-(ɛ)xɛï}}<br><span style="color:grey">''-(e)cheï''</span>
| style="font-weight:normal;" | -(ɛ)xɛï<br><span style="color:grey">''-(e)cheï''</span>
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;" | 3rd person
! rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;" | 3rd person
! Masculine
! Masculine
| style="font-weight:normal;" | {{vry-times||-(‛)o}}<br><span style="color:grey">''-(h)o''</span>
| style="font-weight:normal;" | -(‛)o<br><span style="color:grey">''-(h)o''</span>
| style="font-weight:normal;" | {{vry-times||-(‛)oɯ}}<br><span style="color:grey">''-(h)om''</span>
| style="font-weight:normal;" | -(‛)oɯ<br><span style="color:grey">''-(h)om''</span>
|-
|-
! Feminine
! Feminine
| style="font-weight:normal;" | {{vry-times||-(‛)ɛ}}<br><span style="color:grey">''-(h)e''</span>
| style="font-weight:normal;" | -(‛)ɛ<br><span style="color:grey">''-(h)e''</span>
| style="font-weight:normal;" | {{vry-times||-(‛)ɛï}}<br><span style="color:grey">''-(h)eï''</span>
| style="font-weight:normal;" | -(‛)ɛï<br><span style="color:grey">''-(h)eï''</span>
|}
|}
===Verbs===
===Verbs===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|- style="text-align:left;"
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" |
! colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | Past
! rowspan="7" |
! colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | Present
! rowspan="7" |
! colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | Future
|- style="font-weight:bold;"
! style="vertical-align:middle; width:100px;" | Singular
! style="vertical-align:middle; width:100px;" | Plural
! style="width:100px;" | Singular
! style="width:100px;" | Plural
! style="width:100px;" | Singular
! style="width:100px;" | Plural
|-
! colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle; font-weight:bold;" | 1st person
| rowspan="5" colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;" | ƞɛ́qɛn'''<br /><span style="color:grey">''pétjech''</span>
| ƞɛ́qnɛu'''<br /><span style="color:grey">''pétjchek''</span>
| ıɛ́ƞqɛn'''<br /><span style="color:grey">''iéptjech''</span>
| coıƞ ƞɛ́qnɛu'''<br /><span style="color:grey">''sup pétjchek''</span>
| coıƞ ıɛ́ƞqɛn'''<br /><span style="color:grey">''sup iéptjech''</span>
|-
! rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle; font-weight:bold;" | 2nd person
! style="font-weight:bold;" | Masculine
| uɛ́ƞqɛn'''<br /><span style="color:grey">''képtjech''</span>
| uɛƞqɛnóı'''<br /><span style="color:grey">''keptjechú''</span>
| coıƞ uɛ́ƞqɛn'''<br /><span style="color:grey">''sup képtjech''</span>
| coıƞ uɛƞqɛnóı'''<br /><span style="color:grey">'sup 'keptjechú''</span>
|-
! style="font-weight:bold;" | Feminine
| uɛƞqɛní'''<br /><span style="color:grey">''keptjechí''</span>
| uɛƞqɛnɑ́'''<br /><span style="color:grey">''keptjechá''</span>
| coıƞ uɛƞqɛní'''<br /><span style="color:grey">''sup keptjechí''</span>
| coıƞ uɛƞqɛnɑ́'''<br /><span style="color:grey">''sup keptjechá''</span>
|-
! rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle; font-weight:bold;" | 3rd person
! style="font-weight:bold;" | Masculine
| íƞqɛn'''<br /><span style="color:grey">''íptjech''</span>
| ıƞqɛnóı'''<br /><span style="color:grey">''iptjechú''</span>
| coıƞ íƞqɛn'''<br /><span style="color:grey">''sup íptjech''</span>
| coıƞ ıƞqɛnóı'''<br /><span style="color:grey">''sup iptjechú''</span>
|-
! style="font-weight:bold;" | Feminine
| rɛ́ƞqɛn'''<br /><span style="color:grey">''téptjech''</span>
| ıƞqɛnɑ́'''<br /><span style="color:grey">''iptjechá''</span>
| coıƞ rɛ́ƞqɛn'''<br /><span style="color:grey">''sup téptjech''</span>
| coıƞ ıƞqɛnɑ́'''<br /><span style="color:grey">''sup iptjechá''</span>
|}
===Adverbs===
===Adverbs===


==Vocabulary==
==Vocabulary==
==Example text==
==Example text==
Vrianne
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