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| ==Phonology== | | ==Nouns== |
| ===Consonants=== | | *''sóol'' = house, home |
| {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="greentable lightgreenbg" style="width: 700px; text-align:center;"
| | *''tráat' '' = flower |
| ! colspan="11"|Proto-Azzanic reconstructed consonants
| | *''bíne' '' = water |
| |-
| | *''sreg'' = words, speech, language |
| ! rowspan="2" colspan="2" |
| | *''aak'é'e'' = sky |
| ! rowspan="2" |Labial
| | *''laá'' = light |
| ! colspan="2" |Denti-alveolar
| | *''kár'' = flatbread |
| ! rowspan="2" |Palatal
| | *''nerás'' = coffee |
| ! colspan="2" |Velar
| | *''laánt'ob'' = coconut milk |
| ! colspan="2" |Uvular
| | *''jeneé'' = nut butter or coconut oil |
| ! rowspan="2" |Glottal
| | *'''ésjol'' = but |
| |-
| | ==Adjectives== |
| ! |<small>central</small>
| | *''dro' '' = low |
| ! |<small>lateral</small>
| | *''adítool'' = high |
| ! |<small>plain</small>
| | *''so-'' = good |
| ! |<small>labialized</small>
| | *'' 'áa'weh'' = bad |
| ! |<small>plain</small>
| |
| ! |<small>labialized</small>
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| |-
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| ! colspan="2" style="" |Nasal
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| | *m
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| | *n
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| |-
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| ! rowspan="3" |Plosive
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| ! |<small>plain</small>
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| | *p
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| | *t
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| | *k
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| | *kʷ
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| | *q
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| | *qʷ
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| | *ʔ
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| |-
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| ! |<small>voiced</small>
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| | *b
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| | *d
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| | *g
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| | *gʷ
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| | *ɢ
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| | *ɢʷ
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| |
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| |-
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| ! |<small>ejective</small>
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| | *pʼ
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| | *tʼ
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| | *kʼ
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| | *kʷʼ
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| | *qʼ
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| | *qʷʼ
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| |
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| |-
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| ! rowspan="2" style="" |Fricative
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| ! |<small>voiceless</small>
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| | *s
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| | *ś
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| | *h
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| |-
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| ! |<small>voiced</small>
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| | *z~dz
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| | *ź~dź
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| |-
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| ! rowspan="2" colspan="1" |Affricate
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| ! |<small>plain</small>
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| | *c
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| | *ć
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| |-
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| ! |<small>ejective</small>
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| | *cʼ
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| | *ćʼ
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| |-
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| ! colspan="2" |Approximant
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| | *y
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| | *w
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| |-
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| ! colspan="2" |Liquid
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| | *r
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| | *l
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| |}
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|
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|
| <nowiki>*</nowiki>m *n *l *r could be syllabic.
| | ==Verbs== |
| | | *''-dá'' = 'to know' |
| ====Consonant correspondences====
| | *''-so'' = 'good' |
| {| class="greentable lightgreenbg" style="width:1300px; text-align:center;"
| | *''-goól'' = 'to fly' |
| |-
| | *''-le'' = 'to say' |
| ! PGam
| | *''-drój'' = 'to love' |
| ! {{recon|p}}
| | *''-béh'' = 'free' |
| ! {{recon|b}}
| |
| ! {{recon|pʼ}}
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| ! {{recon|t}}
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| ! {{recon|d}}
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| ! {{recon|tʼ}}
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| ! {{recon|s}}
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| ! {{recon|z}}
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| ! {{recon|c}}
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| ! {{recon|cʼ}}
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| ! {{recon|ś}}
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| ! {{recon|ź}}
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| ! {{recon|ć}}
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| ! {{recon|ćʼ}}
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| ! {{recon|k}}
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| ! {{recon|g}}
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| ! {{recon|kʼ}}
| |
| ! {{recon|kʷ}}
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| ! {{recon|gʷ}}
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| ! {{recon|kʷʼ}}
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| ! {{recon|q}}
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| ! {{recon|ɢ}}
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| ! {{recon|qʼ}}
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| ! {{recon|qʷ}}
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| ! {{recon|ɢʷ}}
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| ! {{recon|qʷʼ}}
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| ! {{recon|m}}
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| ! {{recon|n}}
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| ! {{recon|l}}
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| ! {{recon|r}}
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| ! {{recon|y}}
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| ! {{recon|w}}
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| ! {{recon|ʔ}}
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| ! {{recon|h}}
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| |-
| |
| ! [[Raxic|Rax]]
| |
| | ''p'', ''u-''
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| | ''b''
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| | ''ph'', ''hu-''
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| | ''t''
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| | ''d''
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| | ''th''
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| | ''z''
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| | ''z''
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| | ''tz''
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| | ''tzh''
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| | ''ł''
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| | ''l''
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| | ''tł''
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| | ''tłh''
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| | ''tx''
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| | ''x''
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| | ''txh''
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| | ''qu''
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| | ''gu''
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| | ''hu''
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| | ''c''
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| | ''g''
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| | ''ch''
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| | ''qu''
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| | ''gu''
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| | ''hu''
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| | ''m'', ''-n''
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| | ''n''
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| | ''l''
| |
| | ''r''
| |
| | ''y''
| |
| | ''u''
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| | ''h''
| |
| | Ø
| |
| |-
| |
| ! [[Talsmic languages|PTal]]
| |
| | {{recon|''p''}}
| |
| | {{recon|''b''}}
| |
| | {{recon|''ɸ''}}
| |
| | {{recon|''t''}}
| |
| | {{recon|''d''}}
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| | {{recon|''θ''}}
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| | {{recon|''h''}}
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| | {{recon|''z''}}, {{recon|''r''}}
| |
| | {{recon|''s''}}
| |
| | {{recon|''s''}}
| |
| | {{recon|''h''}}
| |
| | {{recon|''λ''}}
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| | {{recon|''t''}}, {{recon|''k''}}
| |
| | {{recon|''ł''}}
| |
| | {{recon|''k''}}
| |
| | {{recon|''g''}}
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| | {{recon|''x''}}
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| | {{recon|''kʷ''}}
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| | {{recon|''gʷ''}}
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| | {{recon|''xʷ''}}
| |
| | {{recon|''q''}}
| |
| | {{recon|''ʁ''}}
| |
| | {{recon|''χ''}}
| |
| | {{recon|''q''}}
| |
| | {{recon|''ʁ''}}
| |
| | {{recon|''χ''}}
| |
| | {{recon|''m''}}
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| | {{recon|''n''}}
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| | {{recon|''l''}}
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| | {{recon|''r''}}
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| | {{recon|''j''}}
| |
| | {{recon|''w''}}
| |
| | {{recon|''ʔ''}}
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| | {{recon|''h''}}
| |
| |-
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| ! [[Wiobian|Wio]]
| |
| | ''f''
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| | ''p''
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| | ''b''
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| | ''þ''
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| | ''t''
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| | ''d''
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| | ''s'', ''ß'', ''r''
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| | Ø
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| | ''ß''
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| | ''ß''
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| | ''s''
| |
| | ''z''
| |
| | ''s''
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| | ''ɟ''
| |
| | ''h''
| |
| | ''k''
| |
| | ''g''
| |
| | ''ƕ''
| |
| | ''qu''
| |
| | ''w''
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| | ''h''
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| | [ʔ]
| |
| | [ʔ]
| |
| | ''ƕ''
| |
| | ''qu''
| |
| | ''w''
| |
| | ''m''
| |
| | ''n''
| |
| | ''l''
| |
| | ''r''
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| | ''j''
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| | ''w''
| |
| | [ʔ]
| |
| | [ʔ]
| |
| |-
| |
| ! [[Bonzic languages|PBon]]
| |
| | {{recon|''p''}}
| |
| | {{recon|''b''}}
| |
| | {{recon|''pʼ''}}
| |
| | {{recon|''t''}}
| |
| | {{recon|''d''}}
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| | {{recon|''tʼ''}}
| |
| | {{recon|''x''}}
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| | {{recon|''ɣ''}}
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| | {{recon|''s''}}
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| | {{recon|''cʼ''}}
| |
| | {{recon|''s''}}
| |
| | {{recon|''z''}}
| |
| | {{recon|''č''}}
| |
| | {{recon|''čʼ''}}
| |
| | {{recon|''k''}}
| |
| | {{recon|''g''}}
| |
| | {{recon|''kʼ''}}
| |
| | {{recon|''p''}}
| |
| | {{recon|''b''}}
| |
| | {{recon|''pʼ''}}
| |
| | {{recon|''ʔ''}}
| |
| | {{recon|''ʔ''}}
| |
| | {{recon|''ʔ''}}
| |
| | {{recon|''ʔʷ''}}
| |
| | {{recon|''ʔʷ''}}
| |
| | {{recon|''ʔʷ''}}
| |
| | {{recon|''m''}}
| |
| | {{recon|''n''}}
| |
| | {{recon|''l''}}
| |
| | {{recon|''l''}}
| |
| | {{recon|''y''}}
| |
| | {{recon|''w''}}
| |
| | Ø
| |
| | Ø
| |
| |-
| |
| ! [[Koiƛoq̓ic languages|PKoi]]
| |
| | {{recon|''p''}}
| |
| | {{recon|''b''}}
| |
| | {{recon|''p̓''}}
| |
| | {{recon|''t''}}
| |
| | {{recon|''d''}}
| |
| | {{recon|''t̓''}}
| |
| | {{recon|''s''}}
| |
| | {{recon|''z''}}
| |
| | {{recon|''c''}}
| |
| | {{recon|''c̓''}}
| |
| | {{recon|''ł''}}
| |
| | {{recon|''λ''}}
| |
| | {{recon|''ƛ''}}
| |
| | {{recon|''ƛ̓''}}
| |
| | {{recon|''k''}}
| |
| | {{recon|''g''}}
| |
| | {{recon|''k̓''}}
| |
| | {{recon|''k''}}
| |
| | {{recon|''g''}}
| |
| | {{recon|''k̓''}}
| |
| | {{recon|''q''}}
| |
| | {{recon|''ɢ''}}
| |
| | {{recon|''q̓''}}
| |
| | {{recon|''q''}}
| |
| | {{recon|''ɢ''}}
| |
| | {{recon|''q̓''}}
| |
| | {{recon|''m''}}
| |
| | {{recon|''n''}}
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| | {{recon|''l''}}
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| | {{recon|''r''}}
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| | {{recon|''y''}}
| |
| | {{recon|''w''}}
| |
| | {{recon|''ʔ''}}
| |
| | {{recon|''h''}}
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| ===Vowels===
| |
| {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="greentable lightgreenbg" style="width: 540px; text-align:center;"
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| ! style="width: 90px; "|
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| ! style="width: 90px; " |Front
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| ! style="width: 90px; " |Central
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| ! style="width: 90px; " |Back
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| |-
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| ! style="" |Close
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| | *i *ī
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| |
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| | *u *ū
| |
| |-
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| ! style="" |Mid
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| | *e *ē
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| |
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| | *o *ō
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| |-
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| ! style="" |Open
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| | *a *ā
| |
| |
| |
| |}
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| | |
| ===Suprasegmentals===
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| Stress fell on the first heavy syllable (the last syllable was disregarded); if there was no long syllable, the stress fell on the first syllable.
| |
| | |
| ===Phonotactics===
| |