Saxuma: Difference between revisions

Strong regular verbs append -ná to the end of the word. Weak regular verbs delete the final vowel and append -ná.  

: lesó → lesoná

: enjí → enjiná

: sigú → signá

-SA conjugation verbs delete the final vowel and append ná. Note that if the consonant before the final vowel is -x, then ná will be pronounced as [ɲa].

: myusá → myusná [mjusˈna]

: exí → exná [ɛɕˈɲa]

-FA and -LA conjugation verbs delete the final -CV, apply w-ablaut to the remaining stem, and append ná.  

: safá → sawná  

: ralí → rawná  

-RA conjugation verbs delete the final vowel, change the remaining -r to -x and append -ná.  

: kurú → kuxná

-N, -S, -H, -W, and -Y conjugation verbs simply append -ná.  

: ekán → ekanná

: rum → rumná

: sarás → sarasná

: oxâ → oxāná  

: aw → awná

: way → wayná

-R conjugation verbs replace the final -r with -x and append -ná.  

: elér → elexná  

-T conjugation verbs remove the final consonant, or change final long ē to short e. Then, they apply w-ablaut, and finally append ná.  

: enák → enawná  

: hē → hyoná

-BI adds the suffix -bí to verbs identically to -NA across all verb classes, with one exception: -T verbs delete the final consonant (or reduce long ē to short e), and then append -cú

For verbs ending in a voiceless consonant or a weak vowel preceded by a voiceless consonant, the inchoative ending is -fáy. The ending is also -fáy for all -T and -H class verbs. Otherwise, it is -way. Besides this, -WAY conjugates identically to -NA, with one exception: -W and -LA verbs delete the final -lV or -w and append -wáy.  

Regular strong verbs, -N verbs, -W verbs, and -Y verbs simply append -kún.  

Regular weak verbs delete the final vowel and append -kún.

* Note that plosives become [ʔ] before another plosive, and that high vowels are lowered before [ʔ]. This can cause lowering of the vowel in the stem.  

-SA and -RA verbs delete the final -CV and append -qún.  

-LA verbs delete the final -CV, apply w-ablaut to the remaining vowel, and append kún.  

-FA verbs delete the final -CV, apply w-ablaut to the remaining vowel, and append -qún.  

-S, -R, and t-, k-, or p-final -T verbs delete the final -C, and append -qún.  

-H verbs and -ē final -T verbs shorten the final vowel and append qún.  

All regular, -SA, -FA, -RA, and -LA verbs apply w-ablaut to the final vowel.  

-N verbs append -la. This does not draw stress from where it would be in the stem.  

-S and -R verbs delete the final consonant, apply w-ablaut to the remaining final vowel, and append -sa. This does not draw stress.  

-T verbs delete the final consonant or shorten final -ē and append -táw.  

-H verbs shorten the final vowel, apply w-ablaut, and then append -sa. This does not draw stress.  

-W verbs delete the final -aw and append -ála.  

-Y verbs append -ú.