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Vairish: Difference between revisions
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→Nouns
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==Morphology== | ==Morphology== | ||
===Nouns=== | ===Nouns=== | ||
Nouns can be inflected for number, case | Nouns can be inflected for number, case and possession. | ||
====Numbers==== | ====Numbers==== | ||
Nouns can be inflected for 4 numbers : Singulative ({{smallcaps|sgv}}), Dual ({{smallcaps|du}}), Plurative ({{smallcaps|plv}}) and Collective ({{smallcaps|col}}). Depending on the noun, the unmarked number can be either the Singulative or the Collective | Nouns can be inflected for 4 numbers : Singulative ({{smallcaps|sgv}}), Dual ({{smallcaps|du}}), Plurative ({{smallcaps|plv}}) and Collective ({{smallcaps|col}}). Depending on the noun, the unmarked number can be either the Singulative or the Collective | ||
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: '''sëid-ier-ide''' Äirade ö Olsü | : '''sëid-ier-ide''' Äirade ö Olsü | ||
: name-{{sc|3p.poss-plv}} Äirade and Olsü | : name-{{sc|3p.poss-plv}} Äirade and Olsü | ||
: "They are | : "They are called Äirade and Olsü" (litt. "Their names are Äirade and Olsü") | ||
=====Collective===== | =====Collective===== | ||
The collective is the default, unmarked form of mass nouns. | The collective is the default, unmarked form of mass nouns. Count nouns can't inflect for the collective | ||
: '''siöre''' | : '''siöre''' | ||
: water | : water | ||
====Cases==== | |||
Vairish nouns can be using a set of 8 noun cases : | |||
; Nominative and Accusative | |||
: Simple morphosyntactic cases. The nominative can also be used for marking the predicate. | |||
; Dative | |||
;: Dative proper | |||
::: The dative proper is used to indicate the indirect object of a sentence | |||
;: Dative of measure | |||
::: The dative of measure is used to indicate the difference of measure between 2 objects | |||
; Instrumental | |||
: The instrumental is used to indicate the instrument of an action | |||
; Lative | |||
: The lative is used to indicate motion to a location | |||
; Ablative | |||
;: Ablative proper | |||
::: The ablative proper is used to indicate motion away from a location | |||
;: Ablative of location | |||
::: The ablative of location is used to indicate a location | |||
; Causal | |||
: The causal indicates that the noun is the cause/reason of the action | |||
; Essive | |||
;: Essive proper | |||
::: The essive proper is used to indicate that the noun is a state of being | |||
;: Essive of location | |||
::: The essive of location is used to indicate that the noun is a temporary location | |||
====Possession==== | |||
Nouns in Vairish can be marked for possession. The basic suffixes are -mVn, -sVn, -ňVn and -jVn. | |||
E.g. | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" | |||
! colspan="4" | Declension of raväi "hope" | |||
|- | |||
! Person !! Singulative !! Dual !! Plurative | |||
|- | |||
! 1st (exclusive) | |||
| rowspan="2" | raväiman | |||
| raväimën || raväimon | |||
|- | |||
! 1st (inclusive) | |||
| raväisin || raväison | |||
|- | |||
! 2nd | |||
| raväiňän || raväiňen || raväiňön | |||
|- | |||
! 3rd | |||
| raväijan || raväiin || raväijön | |||
|} | |||