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Rencadian: Difference between revisions
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===Nouns=== | ===Nouns=== | ||
Nouns have 2 genders (masculine | Nouns have 2 genders (masculine and feminine) and 11 cases (nominative, genitive, accusative, dative, locative, exlocative, instrumental, abessive, equative, anti-equative, and vocative). | ||
Noun stems often get lenited. Lenition works as follows: | Noun stems often get lenited. Lenition works as follows: | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| Vocative || neσa || neσame || neσanæ || neσanø | | Vocative || neσa || neσame || neσanæ || neσanø | ||
|} | |||
====Masculine nouns==== | |||
=====First declension===== | |||
First declension masculine nouns end in consonants and the genitive stem is identical to the nominative stem, unless the final consonant is th, dh, s or z, in which case this final consonant is replaced with sj, zj, sj or zj respectively. The accusative stem is formed from the nominative stem as follows: | |||
* If the final consonant is th or dh, it's replaced with t or d respectively. | |||
* If the final consonant is a voiced fricative that is not dh, -dh is suffixed. | |||
* Otherwise, -th is suffixed. | |||
The paradigm is: | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
! Header text !! Indefinite Singular !! Indefinite Plural !! Definite Singular !! Definite Plural | |||
|- | |||
| Nominative || [nom stem] || [nom stem]+me || [nom stem]+æ || [nom stem]+ø | |||
|- | |||
| Genitive || [gen stem] || [nom stem]+men || [nom stem]+ær || [nom stem]+ør | |||
|- | |||
| Accusative || [acc stem] || [nom stem]+meth || [nom stem]+æth || [nom stem]+øth | |||
|- | |||
| Dative || æn+[gen stem] || æn+[nom stem]+men || æn+[nom stem]+ær || æn+[nom stem]+ør | |||
|- | |||
| Locative || me+[lenited gen stem] || me+[lenited nom stem]+men || me+[lenited nom stem]+ær || me+[lenited nom stem]+ør | |||
|- | |||
| Exlocative || ow+[lenited gen stem] || ow+[lenited nom stem]+men || ow+[lenited nom stem]+ær || ow+[lenited nom stem]+ør | |||
|- | |||
| Instrumental || rø+[lenited gen stem] || rø+[lenited nom stem]+men || rø+[lenited nom stem]+ær || rø+[lenited nom stem]+ør | |||
|- | |||
| Abessive || tsø+[lenited gen stem] || tsø+[lenited nom stem]+men || tsø+[lenited nom stem]+ær || tsø+[lenited nom stem]+ør | |||
|- | |||
| Equative || λø+[lenited gen stem] || λø+[lenited nom stem]+men || λø+[lenited nom stem]+ær || λø+[lenited nom stem]+ør | |||
|- | |||
| Anti-equative || ød+[lenited gen stem] || ød+[lenited nom stem]+men || ød+[lenited nom stem]+ær || ød+[lenited nom stem]+ør | |||
|- | |||
| Vocative || [lenited nom stem] || [lenited nom stem]+me || [lenited nom stem]+æ || [lenited nom stem]+ø | |||
|} | |||
Here's an example: | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
! ''newæth'' 'root' !! Indefinite Singular !! Indefinite Plural !! Definite Singular !! Definite Plural | |||
|- | |||
| Nominative || newæth || newæthme || newæthæ || newæthø | |||
|- | |||
| Genitive || newæsj || newæthmen || newæthær || newæthør | |||
|- | |||
| Accusative || newæt || newæthmeth || newæthæth || newæthøth | |||
|- | |||
| Dative || ænnewæsj || ænnewæthmen || ænnewæthær || ænnewæthør | |||
|- | |||
| Locative || menewæsj || menewæthmen || menewæthær || menewæthør | |||
|- | |||
| Exlocative || ownewæsj || ownewæthmen || ownewæthær || ownewæthør | |||
|- | |||
| Instrumental || rønewæsj || rønewæthmen || rønewæthær || rønewæthør | |||
|- | |||
| Abessive || tsønewæsj || tsønewæthmen || tsønewæthær || tsønewæthør | |||
|- | |||
| Equative || λønewæsj || λønewæthmen || λønewæthær || λønewæthør | |||
|- | |||
| Anti-equative || ødnewæsj || ødnewæthmen || ødnewæthær || ødnewæthør | |||
|- | |||
| Vocative || newæth || newæthme || newæthnæ || newæthnø | |||
|} | |||
=====Second declension===== | |||
Second declension masculine nouns end in vowels. The genitive stem is simply formed by replacing the last vowel with r, and the accusative stem is formed by suffixing -rth. The paradigm is as follows: | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
! Header text !! Indefinite Singular !! Indefinite Plural !! Definite Singular !! Definite Plural | |||
|- | |||
| Nominative || [nom stem] || [gen stem]+em || [gen stem]+æ || [gen stem]+ø | |||
|- | |||
| Genitive || [gen stem]+e || [gen stem]+emen || [gen stem]+rær || [gen stem]+rør | |||
|- | |||
| Accusative || [acc stem] || [gen stem]+emeth || [gen stem]+ræth || [gen stem]+røth | |||
|- | |||
| Dative || æn+[gen stem]+e || æn+[gen stem]+emen || æn+[gen stem]+rær || æn+[gen stem]+rør | |||
|- | |||
| Locative || me+[lenited gen stem]+e || me+[lenited gen stem]+emen || me+[lenited gen stem]+rær || me+[lenited gen stem]+rør | |||
|- | |||
| Exlocative || ow+[lenited gen stem]+e || ow+[lenited gen stem]+emen || ow+[lenited gen stem]+rær || ow+[lenited gen stem]+rør | |||
|- | |||
| Instrumental || rø+[lenited gen stem]+e || rø+[lenited gen stem]+emen || rø+[lenited gen stem]+rær || rø+[lenited gen stem]+rør | |||
|- | |||
| Abessive || tsø+[lenited gen stem]+e || tsø+[lenited gen stem]+emen || tsø+[lenited gen stem]+rær || tsø+[lenited gen stem]+rør | |||
|- | |||
| Equative || λø+[lenited gen stem]+e || λø+[lenited gen stem]+emen || λø+[lenited gen stem]+rær || λø+[lenited gen stem]+rør | |||
|- | |||
| Anti-equative || ød+[lenited gen stem]+e || ød+[lenited gen stem]+emen || ød+[lenited gen stem]+rær || ød+[lenited gen stem]+rør | |||
|- | |||
| Vocative || [lenited nom stem] || [lenited gen stem]+em || [lenited gen stem]+æ || [lenited gen stem]+ø | |||
|} | |} | ||