105
edits
User:Jotadiego: Difference between revisions
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
Bînth-ther lyhg ma arheadh i todavî cedh beir-beir ma
(Myt ma lygh (i no bhë ni na·mhidhadh! Pwanth tharvach pr'adhelanth!)) |
(Bînth-ther lyhg ma arheadh i todavî cedh beir-beir ma) |
||
| Line 222: | Line 222: | ||
:''A priori'' | :''A priori'' | ||
:Minmá intends to be a very simple and ''minimalistic'' language (hence its name); it's got only 3 vowels (which, accounting for pitch which also changes the quality of some of them, could be said to be 6) and 6 consonants (with some allophonic variation). It's grammar is analitic and accepts any verb-initial word order. | :Minmá intends to be a very simple and ''minimalistic'' language (hence its name); it's got only 3 vowels (which, accounting for pitch which also changes the quality of some of them, could be said to be 6) and 6 consonants (with some allophonic variation). It's grammar is analitic and accepts any verb-initial word order. | ||
:Constructed scripts: None (Latin alphabet is used instead; I've | :Constructed scripts: None (Latin alphabet is used instead; I've occasionally used Devanagari as well) | ||
*'''[[Bartxe]]''' | *'''[[Bartxe]]''' | ||
| Line 248: | Line 248: | ||
:Kenvei, an agglutinative conlang, was probably the first conlang I designed with phonoaesthetics in mind: I wanted it to sound as pleasing as possible and thus it reflects my linguistic tastes at the time (resulting in something vaguely Tolkienesque, with Quenya and Sindarin as clear influences). | :Kenvei, an agglutinative conlang, was probably the first conlang I designed with phonoaesthetics in mind: I wanted it to sound as pleasing as possible and thus it reflects my linguistic tastes at the time (resulting in something vaguely Tolkienesque, with Quenya and Sindarin as clear influences). | ||
:Constructed scripts: Sinte (alphabetic) | :Constructed scripts: Sinte (alphabetic) | ||
*'''[[Elirba]]''' | |||
:''A priori'' | |||
:An ''a priori'' polysynthetic conlang. Although it's phonology was partly inspired by Greenlandic, Elirba sets itself apart by having two sets of archiphonemes for plosives (derived from an earlier Irish-like broad vs slender contrast) which are realized differently depending on whether the following vowels is a front vowel or a back vowel (for instance, |kʲ| becomes /ke/ and /c͡ço/ whereas |kˠ| becomes /kʷe/ and /qo/). | |||
:Constructed scripts: Elir script (alphabetic) | |||
*'''[[Pitá-Ruqaha]]''' | |||
:''A priori'' (though with borrowings from natlangs, particularly Spanish), Pita-Inaí | |||
:A conlang inspired by Native American languages (specially Quechua and Guarani). It is an ergative-absolutive language; its morphology is mostly agglutinative and verbs conjugate for transitivity, aspect and tense. | |||
:Constructed scripts: None (Latin alphabet is used instead) | |||
*'''[[Inaí]]''' | |||
:''A priori'' (though with borrowings from natlangs, particularly Portuguese), Pita-Inaí | |||
:A sister conlang to Pitá-Ruqaha, it is also inspired by certain Native American languages. Unlike Pitá-Ruqaha, Inaí has nominative-accusative alignment and uses pitch accent. | |||
:Constructed scripts: None (Latin alphabet is used instead) | |||
*'''[[Naupali]]''' | |||
:''A priori'' | |||
:Naupali is a conlang with rather complex phonology (with up to 60 consonants and 10 vowels: five of which are considered 'front' and five which are classified as 'back'). It's morphology is based on roots which typically have the form CVC where C stand for consonants and V stands for a vowel of unknown frontness (the front and back variants of a vowel are used in the nominal and verbal stems of the root respectively; for instance ''chim'', 'knife/blade', and ''chum'', 'to cut', are the two stems of the same root). | |||
:Constructed scripts: Qekhiave (abugida) | |||
*'''[[Classical Mizuyu]]''' | |||
:''A priori'' at its core but heavily borrowing form natlangs (specially Middle Chinese), Mizuyu | |||
:Classical Mizuyu (''Misùŋyu'') is a conlang with heavy Middle Chinese lexical influence (it is similar in this regard to Japanese, Korean and Vietnamese, all of which incorporate 'sinoxenic' vocabulary despite not being genetically related to Sino-Tibetan languages). Classical Mizuyu is ancestral to other ''Mizuyu'' languages (Northern Mizuyu, Southern Mizuyu and Damle-Mýný). It features three stop series: aspirated, unaspirated and voiced (which are treated differently in descending languages). | |||
:Constructed scripts: None (Han characters are used, though sometimes with a different style derived from earlier forms such as Seal Script) | |||
*'''[[Northern Mizuyu]]''' | |||
:''A priori'' at its core but heavily borrowing form natlangs (specially Middle Chinese), Mizuyu | |||
:Northern Mizuyu (''Mizuyu'' proper) descends from Classical Mizuyu, an ''a priori'' conlang with heavy Chinese influence. One distinctive feature of Northern Mizuyu (when compared to other Mizuyu languages) is the shift of Classical Mizuyu /p/, /t/ and /k/ to /f/, /θ/ and /x/ (or /v/, /ð/ and Ø between vowels or after nasals). | |||
:Constructed scripts: 'Mizugana' (a syllabary similar to Japanese Kana; characters are based on Han (Chinese) characters; usually used along Han characters) | |||
*'''[[Southern Mizuyu]]''' | |||
:''A priori'' at its core but heavily borrowing form natlangs (specially Middle Chinese), Mizuyu | |||
:Southern Mizuyu (''Mishui'') descends from Classical Mizuyu, an ''a priori'' conlang with heavy Chinese influence. Southern Mizuyu words are often simpler (and more Japanese-esque) than words in other Mizuyu languages; compare Southern Mizuyu ''yukku'' to Classical Mizuyu ''gäkkäw'', Northern Mizuyu ''gokkou'' and Damle-Mýný ''hòkhô''. | |||
:Constructed scripts: 'Mizugana' (a syllabary similar to Japanese Kana; characters are based on Han (Chinese) characters; occasionally used along Han characters) | |||
*'''[[Damle-Mýný]]''' | |||
:''A priori'' at its core but heavily borrowing form natlangs (specially Middle Chinese), Mizuyu | |||
:Damle-Mýný descends from Classical Mizuyu, an ''a priori'' conlang with heavy Chinese influence. Damle-Mýný is probably the most divergent Mizuyu language and is also the only one with phonemic tones (contrasting 5 tones: low, middle, high, raising and falling). It is also the only one which doesn't use Han characters or a script derived from them. | |||
:Constructed scripts: Damlish (alphabetic) | |||
*'''[[Proto-Indoryan]]''' | |||
:''A priori'', Indoryan | |||
:Proto-Indoryan was to be the proto-language of a wide variety of conlangs in a conworld I had named Indorya. I'm afraid I only ended up developing one descendant for it (and using the word 'developing' is quite an overstatement as it is too barely a sketch). Proto-Indoryan has two distinct stages: Archaic Proto-Indoryan (API) with roots of the form CVXV where X is either /w/, /ħ/, /r/ or /s/; and Late Proto-Indorian (LPI) where most of those roots had collapsed to one syllable forms (for example: API ''tʰahi'' > LPI ''tʼay'', two). | |||
:Constructed scripts: None (Latin alphabet is used instead; scripts were to be constructed for latter conlangs) | |||
*'''[[Ur]]''' | |||
:''A priori'', Indoryan | |||
:Ur was the first (and, so far, only) Proto-Indoryan descendant. As of October 2015, Ur is hardly beyond the 'sketch' stage. | |||
:Constructed scripts: None (Latin alphabet is used instead; scripts were to be constructed for latter conlangs) | |||
*'''[[Hudoima]]''' | |||
:''A priori'' | |||
:Hudoima is an ''a priori'' conlang with Chinese-like phonology and phonotactics (that means, of course, that tones are all around the place). Most Hudoima morpheme are one syllable long and many can indeed be used as words on its own; however, monosyllabic words are avoided in High Hudoima, an influential literary register, which leads to replacing short words with often redundant neologisms. For instance, ''yû'' (fly, flight) is replaced in High Hudoima with ''denyû'' ("sky-fly") or ''yûné'' ("fly-move"). Many High Hudoima compounds have entered 'low' Hudoima, fully replacing the older monosyllables. This rule usually doesn't affect pronouns and most common particles though some speakers may even replace words like ''wei'' (I) for compounds like ''weine'' (I-person) in very formal situations. | |||
:Constructed scripts: Hudoima script (logographic, many variants) | |||
*'''[[Lapaky]]''' | |||
:''A priori'' | |||
:Lapaky is a rather complicated conlang with a large number of phonemes. I wanted it to have some of the expressive power of Ithkuil but it doesn't even attempt to have all the compactness (and complexity) of Quijada's conlangs. It uses plenty of suffixes too create derivations like ''ichåt′ouŋoum'' (that which is separated from the land) from ''chåt′'' (to be separated). | |||
:Constructed scripts: Lapaky script (alphabetic... -ish) | |||
*'''[[Ypak]]''' | |||
:''A priori'' | |||
:The conlang I now call ''Ypak'' was once an overhauled version of ''Lapaky'' but, other than still being rather complicated and having a rather challenging phonology (and sharing their script) it hasn't got much to do with that other one (unfortunately, I've changed my mind way too many times about which conlang should have each name, resulting in confusing notes where I'm often at a loss about which conlangs I'm actually talking about). Ypak has some bits of logic embedded, a phrase like 'my eyes' would be translated as ''y ha′ my ′a'', literally 'that are_eyes me belongs' ('that are_eyes' is interpreted as 'something which is eyes, those eyes'; then 'those_eyes me belongs' is interpreted as 'those eyes that belong to me', 'my eyes'). | |||
:Constructed scripts: Lapaky script (alphabetic-ish) | |||
===Other ''a posteriori'' conlangs=== | ===Other ''a posteriori'' conlangs=== | ||
| Line 302: | Line 367: | ||
:Llionex is an Ibero-Romance language from the same conworld as Xpanī, spoken in the analogue to real-world Northern Spain, the only parts of Spain not under Muslim rule. The language incorporates elements of real world Ibero-Romance languages like [Old] Spanish, Leonese, Galaico-Portuguese and Asturian while also incorporating several borrowings from English and a few from Brittonic languages. | :Llionex is an Ibero-Romance language from the same conworld as Xpanī, spoken in the analogue to real-world Northern Spain, the only parts of Spain not under Muslim rule. The language incorporates elements of real world Ibero-Romance languages like [Old] Spanish, Leonese, Galaico-Portuguese and Asturian while also incorporating several borrowings from English and a few from Brittonic languages. | ||
:Constructed scripts: None (Latin script is used instead) | :Constructed scripts: None (Latin script is used instead) | ||
*'''[[Gaelge]]''' | |||
:''A posteriori'', Indoeuropean, Romance | |||
:One day, I was looking at the language bar in Wikipedia and I noticed four similarly named languages: ''Gaeilge, Gaelg, Gàidhlig'' and ''Galego'' (that is, Irish, Manx and Scottish Gaelic and then Galician). I joked at how it almost seemed as if Galician (''Galego'') was trying to blend in among the Goidelic languages and then I got the idea of making a conlang based on Galician which looked as Gaelic-ish as possible. The result was this one weird conlang called ''Gaelge''. | |||
:Constructed scripts: None (Latin alphabet is used instead) | |||
*'''[[Alvic]]''' | |||
:''A posteriori'', Indoeuropean, Romance | |||
:Alvic is a Latin-based conlang which is intended to loosely resemble the aesthetics of JRR Tolkien's Quenya. It preserves most of Latin's case system, passive voice, vowel length, nasalization and mora-based prosodic accent. | |||
:Constructed scripts: None (Latin alphabet is used instead) | |||
=====Germanic===== | =====Germanic===== | ||
| Line 314: | Line 389: | ||
:Dongh is an hypothetical Old English descendant which had undergone a sound change that partially reverted Grimm's law. Thus, an Old English word like ''þu'' (singular you, 'thou') would be inherited in Dongh as ''tw'' /tuː/, akin to several non-Germanic [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Proto-Indo-European/t%C3%BAh%E2%82%82 Indoeuropean second person pronouns] | :Dongh is an hypothetical Old English descendant which had undergone a sound change that partially reverted Grimm's law. Thus, an Old English word like ''þu'' (singular you, 'thou') would be inherited in Dongh as ''tw'' /tuː/, akin to several non-Germanic [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Proto-Indo-European/t%C3%BAh%E2%82%82 Indoeuropean second person pronouns] | ||
:Constructed scripts: None (Latin alphabet is used instead) | :Constructed scripts: None (Latin alphabet is used instead) | ||
*'''[[Narçer]]''' | |||
:''A posteriori'', Indoeuropean, Germanic, English based | |||
:Much like Inlush, Narçer would descend from modern English. It's phonology extrapolates some changes associated to the Northern Cities Vowel Shift; for instance, the vowel in 'cat' (which is typically an /æ/ but may be pronounced [ɪə] by some speakers of northerly parts of the USA) becomes /je/ as in ''xiet'' /çjet/ (cat). | |||
:Constructed scripts: None (Latin alphabet is used instead) | |||
*'''[[Glenisc]]''' | |||
:''A posteriori'', Indoeuropean, Germanic | |||
:Glenisc (or ''Glenisk'') is a conlang based on the extinct Gothic language although with a bit of pseudo-Celtic-ish style (for instance, Gothic ''harjis'', war, becomes ''arí'' /ˈaʀiː/). | |||
:Constructed scripts: None (either Gothic or Latin alphabets are used instead) | |||
*'''[[Ljentsk]]''' | |||
:''A posteriori'', Indoeuropean, Germanic | |||
:Ljentsk (which could be Anglicised as 'Lyensh') descends from Glenisc, a conlang which is based on Gothic. It only retains two cases (common and genitive). | |||
:Constructed scripts: None (Latin alphabet is used instead) | |||
*'''[[Reerd]]''' | |||
:''A posteriori'', Indoeuropean, Germanic | |||
:Reerd (or Reard) is based on Middle English (roughly bearing the same relationship to modern English as Scots). Reerd remains somewhat closer to Middle English vowel pronunciation (as Reerd underwent a milder vowel shift than English GVS) and occasionally it resembles German (''ich'' /iç/, I, is nearly identical; ''drei'', three. coincides in spelling but is pronounced differently, /dɾeɪ̯/). | |||
:Constructed scripts: None (Latin alphabet is used instead) | |||
*'''[[Sbaeg]]''' | |||
:''A posteriori'', Indoeuropean, Germanic | |||
:Sbaeg is closely related to Reerd, both being based on Middle English. Sbaeg, however, underwent sound changes that make it sound rather foreign (noticeably more than Reerd). For instance, 'swamps' has its Sbaeg cognate in the word ''ßoama'' /ˈzɶmmə/. | |||
:Constructed scripts: None (Latin alphabet is used instead) | |||
=====Other Indoeuropean===== | |||
*'''[[Nisan]]''' | |||
:''A posteriori'', Indoeuropean | |||
:A conlang based on Proto-Indoeuropean (on its own branch). Nouns are declined for two numbers (singular/plural) and four cases (NOM/ACC/GEN/DAT). Nisan preserves PIE three-way distinction of *ḱ (ḱm̥tóm >''cencu'' /ˈcencʏ/, one hundred), *k (*kh₂en- > ''kana'' /ˈkana/, to sing) and *kʷ (though this one was re-analysed as *kw, *kʷékʷlos > *kwolkul > *kwulkur > ''kuukur'' /ˈkuːkʊɻ/, cart). | |||
:Constructed scripts: Nisan (alphabet) | |||
===Languages to be=== | ===Languages to be=== | ||