Antarctican: Difference between revisions

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Antarctican (view source)

Revision as of 13:38, 8 February 2013

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Noun-Focus Section Added
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(Noun-Focus Section Added)
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When Antarctican lost its pitch accent, the
When Antarctican lost its pitch accent, the
change became unpredictable.
change became unpredictable.
 
<h4>Noun-Focus Base</h4>
This is used when the listener already
knows about the action being described. It puts focus on the (non-topicalised)
noun(s) in the sentence.
&nbsp;
<h5>Regular Formation</h5>
The default way of forming it is by putting
breathy voice on the final vowel of the base, and changing the vowel quality in
the same way as normal e.g.
&nbsp;
qíeypyii /&#660;ei&#660;p&#690;i&#720;/ -
to spit out, root
qíeypyùey /&#660;ei&#660;p&#690;&#616;i&#614;/
- to spit out, noun-focus
&nbsp;
This breathy voice “spreads” to the left
until it hits a voiceless obstruent or a prestopped nasal e.g.
&nbsp;
guowpieyiie /goupeje&#720;/ - to suffer a
setback, root
guowpèyèe /goup&#600;&#614;j&#600;&#720;&#614;/
- to suffer a setback, noun-focus
&nbsp;
qinyieliie /&#660;i&#626;ele&#720;/ - to
pierce, root
qùenyèlèe /&#660;&#616;&#614;&#626;&#600;&#614;le&#720;/
- to pierce, noun-focus
&nbsp;
kivieluun /ki&#613;elu&#720;&#628;/ - to
die, root
kùevèlùun /k&#616;&#614;&#613;&#600;&#614;ly&#720;&#628;/
- to die, noun-focus
&nbsp;
Remember that Antarctican only permits
voiced obstruents, prestopped nasals, and fricatives other than /s/, before vowels
with modal voice. So if this vowel phonation change would produce such a
forbidden sequence, then the consonant changes e.g.
&nbsp;
hlo /&#620;&#596;/ - to perform, root
lò /l&#596;&#614;/ - to perform, noun-focus
&nbsp;
These changes do not affect phonation
spreading though, as we can see from:
&nbsp;
maduozie /madoze/ - to give birth,
intransitive, root
mòetùsè /m&#604;&#614;tu&#614;s&#600;&#614;/
- to give birth, intransitive, noun-focus
&nbsp;
nyiibie /&#626;i&#720;be/ - to snow, root
nyùeypè /&#626;&#616;ip&#600;&#614;/ - to
snow, noun-focus
&nbsp;
san-gizie /sa&#628;gize/ - to bleed, root
sòen-kùesè /s&#604;&#628;&#614;k&#616;&#614;s&#604;&#614;/
- to bleed, noun-focus
&nbsp;
When a consonant such as a voiceless
obstruent or prestopped nasal blocks the phonation spreading, if the vowel
preceding it is /&#616;/ or /&#600;/ with modal voice (or a diphthong beginning
with one), then fronts to /i/ or /e/ respectively e.g.
&nbsp;
yuentuoro /j&#616;&#628;to&#641;&#596;/ -
to introduce oneself, root
yintùrò /ji&#628;tu&#614;&#641;&#596;&#614;/
- to introduce oneself, noun-focus
&nbsp;
qimuepu /&#660;im&#616;pu/ - to sit down, root
qimipù / <span
lang=EN-AU>&#660;imipu&#614;/ - to sit down, noun-focus
&nbsp;
nuetuozie /nitoze/ - to be fed on, root
nitùsè /nitu&#614;s&#600;&#614;/ - to be
fed on, noun-focus
&nbsp;
pensaa /p&#600;&#628;sa&#720;/ - to be lost
in deep thought, root
piensòoe /pe&#628;s&#604;&#720;&#614;/ - to
be lost in deep thought, noun-focus
&nbsp;
If the vowel is /&#603;/, or a diphthong
starting with /&#603;/, before the blocking consonant, then it lowers to /a/
e.g.
suekiraeypi /s&#616;ki&#641;&#603;ipi/ - to
become scraped, root
suekiraypùe /s&#616;ki&#641;aip&#616;&#614;/
- to become scraped, noun-focus
&nbsp;
<h5>Final Syllable Replacement</h5>
In addition to this, some verbs lose their
final syllable, which is replaced with –zi e.g.
&nbsp;
duolieegi /dole&#720;gi/ - to drag,
intransitive, root
tùlòoezi /tu&#614;l&#600;&#720;&#614;zi/ –
to drag, intransitive, noun-focus (-gùe has been replaced with -zi).
&nbsp;
bilidli /bilid&#622;i/ - to make it across,
root
pùelùezi /p&#616;&#614;l&#616;&#614;zi/ -
to make it across, noun-focus
&nbsp;
This process happens under well defined
conditions. Both of the last two syllables of the verb root must have modal
voice. Also the final vowel must be a short /i/ and not followed by a nasal
vowel. The consonant immediately before this must be a voiced obstruent. And,
in the proto-language, the verb root must have had pitch-accent on any syllable
other than the final one.
&nbsp;
<h5>Formation by Suffixation Only</h5>
However, verbs that did not have pitch
accent in the proto-language form the noun-focus stem differently, adding the
suffix –zi but otherwise not deleting or changing any syllables e.g.
&nbsp;
kazie /kaze/ - to be windy, root
kaziezi /kazezi/ - to be windy, noun-focus
&nbsp;
nangariew /na&#331;a&#641;eu/ - to flow, root
nangariewzi /na&#331;a&#641;euzi/ - to
flow, noun-focus
&nbsp;
&nbsp;
fuekirami /f&#616;ki&#641;ami/ - to swell
up, base
fuekiramizi /f&#616;ki&#641;amizi/ - to
swell up, noun-focus
&nbsp;
shinari /çina&#641;i/ - to twist,
intransitive, base
shinarizi /çina&#641;izi/ - to twist,
intransitive, noun-focus


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