640
edits
Thangha': Difference between revisions
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
→Nouns: - Pronouns
m (→Possession) |
(→Nouns: - Pronouns) |
||
| Line 139: | Line 139: | ||
The construction for alienable possession is completely different. The word order is Possessor - Possessed (the reverse of inalienable possession) and the Possessor is marked with the Ergative case e.g. | The construction for alienable possession is completely different. The word order is Possessor - Possessed (the reverse of inalienable possession) and the Possessor is marked with the Ergative case e.g. | ||
kʷəʔˈta-ɟa ˈʀʷəʔtʷəʔ | /kʷəʔˈta-ɟa ˈʀʷəʔtʷəʔ/ | ||
[kʷʊʔˈtæ-ɟæ ˈʁʷɔʔtʷʊʔ] | [kʷʊʔˈtæ-ɟæ ˈʁʷɔʔtʷʊʔ] | ||
| Line 146: | Line 146: | ||
The dog's bone (that it is chewing / burying etc.) | The dog's bone (that it is chewing / burying etc.) | ||
===Demonstratives=== | |||
Like English, Thangha' makes a two-way distance contrast in demonstratives, and there is no distinction between pronominal demonstratives and adnominal demonstratives (which precede the noun, like in English). Unlike English, there is no singular vs. plural contrast in demonstratives: | |||
This / These: /ˈjəʔɲəʔ/ [jɪʔɲɪʔ] | |||
That / Those: /ˈjəʔtʷəʔ/ [ˈjʏʔtʷʊʔ] | |||
==Pronouns== | |||
Thangha' makes a distinction between [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clusivity inclusive and exclusive "we"]. Unlike the rest of the language which has ergative-absolutive alignment, pronouns have nominative-accusative alignment. | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
! !! Nominative !! Accusative !! Genitive | |||
|- | |||
| 1PS Singular || /ˈʔəʔkʷa/ [ˈʔʊʔkʷa] || /ˈʔacəⁿ/ [ˈʔæceⁿ] || /kʷo/ [kʷu] | |||
|- | |||
| 1PS Plural Exclusive || /kaˈmʲəʔ/ [kæˈmʲɪʔ] || /ˈʔəʔmʲəⁿ/ [ˈʔɪʔmʲeⁿ] || /ˈnəʔmʲəⁿ/ [ˈnɪʔmʲeⁿ] | |||
|- | |||
| 1PS Plural Inclusive || /ˈtəʔxʷa/ [ˈtʊʔxʷa] || /ˈʔəʔtəⁿ/ [ˈʔəʔtəⁿ] || /ˈnəʔtəⁿ/ [ˈnəʔtəⁿ] | |||
|- | |||
| 2PS Singular || /jəʔˈko/ [jɪʔˈko] || /jəʔˈxʷo/ [jʏʔˈxʷu] || /mo/ [mo] | |||
|- | |||
| 2PS Plural || /kaˈxʷo/ [kaˈxʷu] || /jəⁿˈxʷo/ [jøŋˈxʷu] ~ [jømˈɸu] ~ [jemˈɸo] || /ɲəⁿˈxʷo/ [ɲøŋˈxʷu] ~ [ɲømˈɸu] ~ [ɲemˈɸo] | |||
|- | |||
| 3PS || /səʔ/ [səʔ] || /ˈkəʔɲəʔ/ [ˈkɪʔɲɪʔ] || /ɲəʔ/ [ɲɪʔ] | |||
|} | |||
The genitive pronouns are used for both alienable and inalienable possession. In both cases, they precede the noun they possess e.g. /kʷo ˈʀʷəʔtʷəʔ/ [kʷu ˈʁʷɔʔtʷʊʔ] - "my bone" (either in my body, or in my possession). | |||