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|- | |- | ||
! | ! | ||
! colspan="2" | | ! colspan="2" | labial | ||
! colspan="2" | | ! colspan="2" | dental | ||
! colspan="2" | ! colspan="2" | alveolar</br>/retroflex | ||
! colspan="2" | | ! colspan="2" | postalveolar/</br>(alveolo)</br>palatal | ||
! colspan="2" | | ! colspan="2" | velar | ||
! colspan="2" | | ! colspan="2" | glottal | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! Nasal | ||
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial nasal|m]] | | style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial nasal|m]] | ||
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | ([[w:Voiced alveolar nasal|n̪]]) | | style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | ([[w:Voiced alveolar nasal|n̪]]) | ||
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| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | ([[w:Voiced velar nasal|ŋ]])¹ | | style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | ([[w:Voiced velar nasal|ŋ]])¹ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! Stop | ||
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless bilabial stop|p]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial stop|b]] | | style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless bilabial stop|p]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial stop|b]] | ||
| style="border-right: 0;" | ([[w:Voiceless dental stop|t̪]]) || style="border-left: 0;" | ([[w:Voiced dental stop|d̪]]) | | style="border-right: 0;" | ([[w:Voiceless dental stop|t̪]]) || style="border-left: 0;" | ([[w:Voiced dental stop|d̪]]) | ||
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| colspan="2" | ([[w:Glottal stop|ʔ]]) | | colspan="2" | ([[w:Glottal stop|ʔ]]) | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! Affricate | ||
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | | | style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | | ||
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | | | style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | | ||
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| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | | | style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! Fricative | ||
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless labiodental fricative|f]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced labiodental fricative|v]] | | style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless labiodental fricative|f]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced labiodental fricative|v]] | ||
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless dental fricative|θ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced dental fricative|ð]] | | style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless dental fricative|θ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced dental fricative|ð]] | ||
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar sibilant|s̻]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar sibilant|z̻]] | | style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar sibilant|s̻]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar sibilant|z̻]] | ||
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative|ɕ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced postalveolar fricative|ʒ]] | | style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative|ɕ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced postalveolar fricative|ʒ]] | ||
| style="border-right: 0;" | ([[w:Voiceless velar fricative|x]]) || style="border-left: 0;" | | | style="border-right: 0;" | ([[w:Voiceless velar fricative|x]]) || style="border-left: 0;" | ([[w:Voiced velar fricative|ɣ]]) | ||
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless glottal fricative|h]] || style="border-left: 0;" | | | style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless glottal fricative|h]] || style="border-left: 0;" | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! Approximant | ||
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless | | style="border-right: 0;" | ([[w:Voiceless labiodental approximant|ʋ̥]]) || style="border-left: 0;" | ([[w:Voiced labiodental approximant|ʋ]]) | ||
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | | | style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | | ||
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced retroflex approximant|ɻʷ]] | | style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced retroflex approximant|ɻʷ]] | ||
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal approximant|j]] | | style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal approximant|j]] | ||
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | | | style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless labiovelar approximant|ʍ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced labiovelar approximant|w]] | ||
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | | | style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! Lateral | ||
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | | | style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | | ||
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | ([[w:Voiced dental lateral approximant|l̪]]) | | style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | ([[w:Voiced dental lateral approximant|l̪]]) | ||
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# Rare, I often use [n~n̪], my alveolars all have dental allophones. | # Rare, I often use [n~n̪], my alveolars all have dental allophones. | ||
# Labiodental fricatives have approximant allophones that I often use, especially in quicker speech | |||
# /g/ may be realized as a fricative at times | |||
===Studying=== | ===Studying=== | ||
* Mandarin | * Mandarin | ||
edits