640
edits
Antarctican: Difference between revisions
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
Added section on antipassive voice
(More infixes) |
(Added section on antipassive voice) |
||
| Line 3,092: | Line 3,092: | ||
The last example this is distinct | |||
from pyèlùu /pʲɘɦluːɦ/ - to purify who, | from pyèlùu /pʲɘɦluːɦ/ - to purify who, | ||
noun-focus, which has breathy voice spreading onto the infix. | noun-focus, which has breathy voice spreading onto the infix. | ||
Note that, for the purposes of the syntax, using any of these infixes turns a transitive verb into an intransitive verb. This means that the subject of such an infixed verb can no longer take ergative case e.g. | |||
*yuenpiluoy - /jɨɴpiloi/ - employee, absolutive | |||
*yuenpiloy /jɨɴpilɔi/ - employee, ergative | |||
*sowdla - /sɨudɮ/ - soldier, absolutive | |||
*damasù - /damasuɦ/ - to scam / swindle, noun-focus | |||
yuenpiloy damasù sowdla | |||
employee-ERG scam-NFCS soldier-ABS | |||
An employee scammed a soldier | |||
Above, we can see that the word for "employee" is in the ergative case, and must come before the verb. However, when the object is a pronoun, the word for "employee" must take the absolutive case e.g. | |||
yuenpiluoy daesamasù | |||
employee-ABS <1PS.INC.OBJ>scam | |||
An employee scammed us (including you) | |||
Antarctican also permits the subjects of intransitive verbs to come after the verb, so the following sentence is also grammatical (and perhaps more common): | |||
daesamasù yuenpiluoy | |||
<1PS.INC.OBJ>scam employee-ABS | |||
An employee scammed us (including you) | |||
<h4>Antipassive Voice</h4> | |||
Antarctican has extremely productive antipassivisation (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antipassive_voice). There are two infixes, which depend on whether the verb has perfective or imperfective aspect. | |||
<h5>Perfective Antipassive</h5> | |||
This is used for when the action described by the verb is not viewed as having any internal structure (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perfective_aspect). It can be used for past, present or future actions e.g. | |||
duetamasù yuenpiluoy | |||
<PFV.AP>scam employee-ABS | |||
An employee scammed / will scam (someone who does not need to be mentioned here). | |||
<h5>Imperfective Antipassive</h5> | |||
This is used for ongoing, habitual and repeated action (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperfective_aspect). | |||
damamasù yuenpiluoy | |||
<IMPV.AP>scam employee-ABS | |||
An employee is / was / will be scamming (someone who does not need to be mentioned here). | |||
[[Category:Languages]][[Category:Conlangs]] | [[Category:Languages]][[Category:Conlangs]] | ||