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Dicontu Grandiu: Difference between revisions
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→Verbs
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Verbs conjugate according to 4 tenses (perfect, preterite, present, future), 2 numbers (singular/plural), 2 persons (1st person/other), 2 moods (indicative/jussive), 2 voices (active/passive), and 2 aspects in the active voice (perfective/imperfective). | Verbs conjugate according to 4 tenses (perfect, preterite, present, future), 2 numbers (singular/plural), 2 persons (1st person/other), 2 moods (indicative/jussive), 2 voices (active/passive), and 2 aspects in the active voice (perfective/imperfective). | ||
=== Stem change: Voice === | === Stem change: Voice === | ||
There are 2 voices: active and passive. These conjugate the same way, but with a stem change. For example, ''vider'' means "to see", while ''vuder'' means "to be seen." ''Vider'' is an example of the active voice, and ''vuder'' the passive. In multi-syllable verb stems, the second syllable changes (-er is infinitive suffix). | There are 2 voices: active and passive. These conjugate the same way, but with a stem change. For example, ''vider'' means "to see", while ''vuder'' means "to be seen." ''Vider'' is an example of the active voice, and ''vuder'' the passive. In multi-syllable verb stems, the second syllable changes (-er is the infinitive suffix). | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|+ Voice Change Chart | |+ Voice Change Chart | ||
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|} | |} | ||
Note: Perfective does not exactly align with the perfect tense in English. Perfective future means "will be done", perfective present means "is done now", preterite past means "has been done", and perfective perfect means "had been done". | Note: Perfective does not exactly align with the perfect tense in English. Perfective future means "will be done", perfective present means "is done now", preterite past means "has been done", and perfective perfect means "had been done". | ||
=== 2nd/3rd person verbs === | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|+ Indicative mood | |||
|- | |||
!!! Perfective sg !! Perfective pl !! Imperfective sg !! Imperfective pl | |||
|- | |||
| Perfect || audatan/adatan || audantan/adantan || audatav/adatan || audantav/adantan | |||
|- | |||
| Preterite || audatis/adatis || audantis/adantis || audatiĵ/adatis || audantiĵ/adantis | |||
|- | |||
| Present || audata/adata || audanta/adanta || audatas/adata || audantas/adanta | |||
|- | |||
| Future || audates/adates || audantes/adantes || audatel/adates || audantel/adantes | |||
|} | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|+ Indicative mood | |||
|- | |||
!!! Perfective sg !! Perfective pl !! Imperfective sg !! Imperfective pl | |||
|- | |||
| Perfect || audutan/adutan || auduntan/aduntan || audutav/adutan || auduntav/aduntan | |||
|- | |||
| Preterite || audutis/adutis || auduntis/aduntis || audutiĵ/adutis || auduntiĵ/aduntis | |||
|- | |||
| Present || auduta/aduta || audunta/adunta || audutas/aduta || audantas/adunta | |||
|- | |||
| Future || audutes/adutes || auduntes/aduntes || audutel/adutes || auduntel/aduntes | |||
|} | |||
=== Non-finite forms === | |||
Active infinitive: ''auder'' | |||
Passive infinitive: ''ader'' | |||
Active gerund: ''audar'' | |||
Passive gerund: ''adar'' | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|+ Participle Stems (for nouns or adjectives) | |||
!!! Active !! Passive | |||
|- | |||
| Perfect || audan- || adan- | |||
|- | |||
| Preterite || audin- || adin- | |||
|- | |||
| Present || aud- || ad- | |||
|- | |||
| Future || audel- || adel- | |||
|} | |||