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==Grammar== | ==Grammar== | ||
===Nominals=== | |||
====Pronouns==== | |||
====Nouns==== | |||
Jovlish nouns have lost distinct forms for most of the noun cases and currently decline only for two case groupings: '''Direct''' (nominative, accusative) and '''Oblique''' (dative, genitive), themselves being only distinguished in the singular. Nouns are grouped into one of four declensions, regardless of gender: | |||
* '''<span style="color:red">1st declension</span> nouns''', oblique by root ablaut or {{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|-(e)s}} (-(e)s), equivalent to Old English a-, i-, ō-, and u-stem nouns. | |||
* '''<span style="color:blue">2nd declension</span> nouns''', oblique by {{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|-(e)n}} (-(e)n), equivalent to Old English n-stem nouns. | |||
* '''<span style="color:green">3rd declension</span> nouns''', plural by {{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|-re}} (-re), oblique by {{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|-s}} (-s), equivalent to Old English r- and z-stem nouns. | |||
* '''<span style="color:purple">4th declension</span> nouns''', plural and oblique irregular, equivalent to Old English ablauting consonant stem nouns and nouns with irregular forms. | |||
<div style=display:inline-grid> | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="font-weight:bold; text-align:center;" | |||
|+ '''1st Declension''' | |||
! rowspan="2" style="font-weight:normal; text-align:left;" | | |||
! colspan="2" | [https://lexiconga.com/86838032/5 {{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|ōn}}] ''ōn'' ("dog") | |||
! colspan="2" | [https://lexiconga.com/86838032/11 {{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|köşt}}] ''köşt'' ("house") | |||
|- | |||
! Singular | |||
! Plural | |||
! Singular | |||
! Plural | |||
|- style="font-weight:normal;" | |||
! style="font-weight:bold;" | Direct | |||
| {{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|ōn}}<br />''ōn'' | |||
| rowspan="2" | {{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|ōn}}<span style="color:red">{{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|e}}</span><br />''ōn<span style="color:red">e</span>'' | |||
| {{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|köşt}}<br />''köşt'' | |||
| rowspan="2" | {{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|köşt}}<span style="color:red">{{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|e}}</span><br />''köşt<span style="color:red">e</span>'' | |||
|- style="font-weight:normal;" | |||
! style="font-weight:bold;" | Oblique | |||
| <span style="color:red">{{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|ő}}</span>{{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|n}}<br />''<span style="color:red">ő</span>n'' | |||
| {{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|köşt}}<span style="color:red">{{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|s}}</span><br />''köşt<span style="color:red">s</span>'' | |||
|} | |||
</div> | |||
<div style=display:inline-grid> | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="font-weight:bold; text-align:center;" | |||
|+ '''2nd Declension''' | |||
! rowspan="2" style="font-weight:normal; text-align:left;" | | |||
! colspan="2" | [https://lexiconga.com/86838032/54 {{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|veş}}] ''veş'' ("week") | |||
! colspan="2" | [https://lexiconga.com/86838032/85 {{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|vón}}] ''vón'' ("flag") | |||
|- | |||
! Singular | |||
! Plural | |||
! Singular | |||
! Plural | |||
|- style="font-weight:normal;" | |||
! style="font-weight:bold;" | Direct | |||
| {{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|veş}}<br />''veş'' | |||
| rowspan="2" | {{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|veş}}<span style="color:blue">{{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|e}}</span><br />''veş<span style="color:blue">e</span>'' | |||
| {{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|vón}}<br />''vón'' | |||
| rowspan="2" | {{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|vón}}<span style="color:blue">{{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|e}}</span><br />''vón<span style="color:blue">e</span>'' | |||
|- style="font-weight:normal;" | |||
! style="font-weight:bold;" | Oblique | |||
| {{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|veş}}<span style="color:blue">{{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|n}}</span><br />''veş<span style="color:blue">n</span>'' | |||
| {{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|vón}}<span style="color:blue">{{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|en}}</span><br />''vón<span style="color:blue">en</span>'' | |||
|} | |||
</div> | |||
<div style=display:inline-grid> | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="font-weight:bold; text-align:center;" | |||
|+ '''3rd Declension''' | |||
! rowspan="2" style="font-weight:normal; text-align:left;" | | |||
! colspan="2" | [https://lexiconga.com/86838032/1 {{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|brıh}}] ''brıh'' ("brother") | |||
! colspan="2" | [https://lexiconga.com/86838032/8 {{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|vēd}}] ''vēd'' ("winter") | |||
|- | |||
! Singular | |||
! Plural | |||
! Singular | |||
! Plural | |||
|- style="font-weight:normal;" | |||
! style="font-weight:bold;" | Direct | |||
| {{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|brıh}}<br />''brıh'' | |||
| rowspan="2" | {{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|brıh}}<span style="color:green">{{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|re}}</span><br />''brıh<span style="color:green">re</span>'' | |||
| {{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|vēd}}<br />''vēd'' | |||
| rowspan="2" | {{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|vēd}}<span style="color:green">{{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|re}}</span><br />''vēd<span style="color:green">re</span>'' | |||
|- style="font-weight:normal;" | |||
! style="font-weight:bold;" | Oblique | |||
| {{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|brıt}}<span style="color:green">{{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|s}}</span><br />''brıt<span style="color:green">s</span>'' | |||
| {{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|vēd}}<span style="color:green">{{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|s}}</span><br />''vēd<span style="color:green">s</span>'' | |||
|} | |||
</div> | |||
<div style=display:inline-grid> | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="font-weight:bold; text-align:center;" | |||
|+ '''4th Declension''' | |||
! rowspan="2" style="font-weight:normal; text-align:left;" | | |||
! colspan="2" | [https://lexiconga.com/86838032/93 {{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|mon}}] ''mon'' ("man") | |||
! colspan="2" | [https://lexiconga.com/86838032/14 {{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|jol}}] ''jol'' ("beer") | |||
|- | |||
! Singular | |||
! Plural | |||
! Singular | |||
! Plural | |||
|- style="font-weight:normal;" | |||
! style="font-weight:bold;" | Direct | |||
| {{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|mon}}<br />''mon'' | |||
| rowspan="2" | {{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|men}}<br />''men'' | |||
| {{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|jol}}<br />''jol'' | |||
| rowspan="2" | {{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|jōh}}<br />''jōh'' | |||
|- style="font-weight:normal;" | |||
! style="font-weight:bold;" | Oblique | |||
| rowspan="2" | {{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|men}}<br />''men'' | |||
| rowspan="2" | {{lang|jovl|sc=Jovl|jōh}}<br />''jōh'' | |||
|} | |||
</div> | |||
====Adjectives==== | |||
===Verbs=== | |||
====Weak==== | |||
====Strong==== | |||
==Vocabulary== | ==Vocabulary== | ||
==Sample text== | ==Sample text== | ||