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Antarctican: Difference between revisions
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Intransitive Serial Verbs, Emphatic Pronominal Affixes
(Topicalisation and Possession) |
(Intransitive Serial Verbs, Emphatic Pronominal Affixes) |
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san-gizie /saɴgize/ - to bleed, root | san-gizie /saɴgize/ - to bleed, root | ||
sòenkùesè /sɜɴɦkɨɦsɜɦ/ | |||
- to bleed, noun-focus | - to bleed, noun-focus | ||
| Line 2,564: | Line 2,564: | ||
Note that, for habitual actions in the present, the past tense is used. Also the present tense is used for imminent actions in the future (where English might use "about to"). | Note that, for habitual actions in the present, the past tense is used. Also the present tense is used for imminent actions in the future (where English might use "about to"). | ||
===Emphatic Forms=== | |||
All of the pronomnial affixes have emphatic forms that are generated by lengthening the vowel e.g. | |||
chisòen-gùe /cisɜɦɴgɨɦ/ you bleed, verb-focus | |||
chiisòen-gùe /ciːsɜɦɴgɨɦ/ you (emphatic) bleed, verb-focus | |||
However, the emphatic forms cannot be used with noun-focus forms, so while chisòenkùesè /cisɜɴɦkɨɦsɜɦ/ - to bleed, noun-focus is grammatical, chiisòenkùesè /ciːsɜɴɦkɨɦsɜɦ/ would not be. | |||
This lengthening can also be used on infixes marking objects e.g. | |||
pyoli-uu /pʲɔliʔuː/ - purify you, verb focus | |||
pyooli-uu /pʲɔːliʔuː/ - purify you (emphatic), verb focus | |||
| Line 2,831: | Line 2,851: | ||
The general is being hunted by his / her soldiers (not his own). | The general is being hunted by his / her soldiers (not his own). | ||
===Serial Verbs=== | |||
Antarctican often uses serial verb constructions. | |||
====Intransitive Verbs==== | |||
If a verb is intransitive, it is simple to serialise it by placing another verb after it e.g. | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
| sowdla || byuowchi-i || kivieli-iewn | |||
|- | |||
| sɔudɮa || bʲouciʔi || kiɥeliʔeuɴ | |||
|- | |||
| soldier.ABS || sick.VFCS || die.VFCS | |||
|} | |||
The soldier got sick and died. | |||
The subject comes either immediately before the first verb (as above), or immediately after it e.g. | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
| byuowchi-i || sowdla || kivieli-iewn | |||
|- | |||
| bʲouciʔi || sɔudɮa || kiɥeliʔeuɴ | |||
|- | |||
| sick.VFCS || soldier.ABS || die.VFCS | |||
|} | |||
The soldier got sick and died. | |||
If the subject is a pronoun, then it must be marked on each verb e.g. | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
| wibyuowchi-i || wuekivieli-iewn | |||
|- | |||
| wibʲouciʔi || wɨkiɥeliʔeuɴ | |||
|- | |||
| 1PS.INC.SUBJ.FUT-sick.VFCS || 1PS.INC.SUBJ.FUT-die.VFCS | |||
|} | |||
We (including you) will get sick and die. | |||
[[Category:Languages]][[Category:Conlangs]] | [[Category:Languages]][[Category:Conlangs]] | ||