138,759
edits
Rencadian: Difference between revisions
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→Morphology
m (→Consonants) |
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===Nouns=== | ===Nouns=== | ||
Nouns have 2 genders (masculine and feminine) and | Nouns have 2 genders (masculine and feminine) and 3 cases (nominative, comparative, and vocative). The genitive is archaic and survives in verbal nouns and stock expressions. | ||
Noun stems often get lenited. Lenition works as follows: | Noun stems often get lenited. Lenition works as follows: | ||
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# bεr 'leaf' → vεr | # bεr 'leaf' → vεr | ||
# rasj 'spouse' → rasj | # rasj 'spouse' → rasj | ||
# zawəth 'ant' → awəth | # zawəth 'ant' → awəth, '''ʙᴜᴛ''': | ||
# λψ + lenited form of zawəth 'like an ant' → λψ nawəth | # λψ + lenited form of zawəth 'like an ant' → λψ nawəth | ||
# ənsε 'fruit' → nənsε | # ənsε 'fruit' → nənsε | ||
| Line 227: | Line 226: | ||
| Nominative || [nom stem] || [nom stem]+mə || [nom stem]+nε || [nom stem]+nψ | | Nominative || [nom stem] || [nom stem]+mə || [nom stem]+nε || [nom stem]+nψ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Genitive || [gen stem] || [nom stem]+mən || [nom stem]+nεr || [nom stem]+nψr | | (Genitive) || [gen stem] || [nom stem]+mən || [nom stem]+nεr || [nom stem]+nψr | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Comparative || [acc stem] || [nom stem]+məth || [nom stem]+nεth || [nom stem]+nψth | | Comparative || [acc stem] || [nom stem]+məth || [nom stem]+nεth || [nom stem]+nψth | ||
| Line 246: | Line 245: | ||
| Nominative || ərim || ərimmə || ərimnε || ərimnψ | | Nominative || ərim || ərimmə || ərimnε || ərimnψ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Genitive || ərimə || ərimmən || ərimnεr || ərimnψr | | (Genitive) || ərimə || ərimmən || ərimnεr || ərimnψr | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Comparative || əriməth || ərimməth || ərimnεth || ərimnψth | | Comparative || əriməth || ərimməth || ərimnεth || ərimnψth | ||
| Line 259: | Line 258: | ||
| Nominative || nəσa || nəσamə || nəσanε || nəσanψ | | Nominative || nəσa || nəσamə || nəσanε || nəσanψ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Genitive || nəσan || nəσamən || nəσanεr || nəσanψr | | (Genitive) || nəσan || nəσamən || nəσanεr || nəσanψr | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Comparative || nəσath || nəσaməth || nəσanεth || nəσanψth | | Comparative || nəσath || nəσaməth || nəσanεth || nəσanψth | ||
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| Nominative || [nom stem] || [nom stem]+mə || [nom stem]+ε || [nom stem]+ψ | | Nominative || [nom stem] || [nom stem]+mə || [nom stem]+ε || [nom stem]+ψ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Genitive || [gen stem] || [nom stem]+mən || [nom stem]+εr || [nom stem]+ψr | | (Genitive) || [gen stem] || [nom stem]+mən || [nom stem]+εr || [nom stem]+ψr | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Comparative || [acc stem] || [nom stem]+məth || [nom stem]+εth || [nom stem]+ψth | | Comparative || [acc stem] || [nom stem]+məth || [nom stem]+εth || [nom stem]+ψth | ||
| Line 298: | Line 297: | ||
| Nominative || nəwεth || nəwεthmə || nəwεthε || nəwεthψ | | Nominative || nəwεth || nəwεthmə || nəwεthε || nəwεthψ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Genitive || nəwεsj || nəwεthmən || nəwεthεr || nəwεthψr | | (Genitive) || nəwεsj || nəwεthmən || nəwεthεr || nəwεthψr | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Comparative || nəwεt || nəwεthməth || nəwεthεth || nəwεthψth | | Comparative || nəwεt || nəwεthməth || nəwεthεth || nəwεthψth | ||
| Line 319: | Line 318: | ||
| Nominative || [nom stem] || [gen stem]+əm || [gen stem]+ε || [gen stem]+ψ | | Nominative || [nom stem] || [gen stem]+əm || [gen stem]+ε || [gen stem]+ψ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Genitive || [gen stem]+ə || [gen stem]+əmən || [gen stem]+εr || [gen stem]+ψr | | (Genitive) || [gen stem]+ə || [gen stem]+əmən || [gen stem]+εr || [gen stem]+ψr | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Comparative || [gen stem]+th || [gen stem]+əməth || [gen stem]+εth || [gen stem]+ψth | | Comparative || [gen stem]+th || [gen stem]+əməth || [gen stem]+εth || [gen stem]+ψth | ||
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| Nominative || mελnψ || mελnψrəm || mελnψrε || mελnψrψ | | Nominative || mελnψ || mελnψrəm || mελnψrε || mελnψrψ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Genitive || mελnψrə || mελnψrəmən || mελnψrεr || mελnψrψr | | (Genitive) || mελnψrə || mελnψrəmən || mελnψrεr || mελnψrψr | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Comparative || mελnψrth || mελnψrəməth || mελnψrεth || mελnψrψth | | Comparative || mελnψrth || mελnψrəməth || mελnψrεth || mελnψrψth | ||
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|} | |} | ||
Verbal nouns ending in - | Verbal nouns ending in -rə are always second declension masculine. | ||
* | * deλrə 'to rest' | ||
* | * ithrə 'to eat' | ||
* | * mεrthrə 'to sit' | ||
<!-- How do the words in your language look? How do you derive words from others? Do you have cases? Are verbs inflected? Do nouns differ from adjectives? Do adjectives differ from verbs? Etc. --> | <!-- How do the words in your language look? How do you derive words from others? Do you have cases? Are verbs inflected? Do nouns differ from adjectives? Do adjectives differ from verbs? Etc. --> | ||