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Xobchyk: Difference between revisions
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** ''dor'' – has arrived unexpectedly | ** ''dor'' – has arrived unexpectedly | ||
** ''daur'' – will arrive, surprisingly | ** ''daur'' – will arrive, surprisingly | ||
''Xobchyk'' employs a robust system of '''non-concatenative morphology''', including root-internal vowel shifts and reduplication. Rather than stacking affixes linearly, verb stems undergo internal changes to express | ''Xobchyk'' employs a robust system of '''non-concatenative morphology''', including root-internal vowel shifts and reduplication. Rather than stacking affixes linearly, verb stems undergo internal changes to express mirativity, tense, mood, evidentiality, and aspect. More complex verbs change the vowels for more than one aspect or tense. | ||
* Reduplication typically marks iterative or habitual action: | * Reduplication typically marks iterative or habitual action: | ||
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The progressive is formed by doubling the first consonant. If the first consonant is already doubled, like in «шшар» “to hiss”, it doubles the consonant cluster, but with «ы» in between. So, “шшар” becomes “шшышшар”. | The progressive is formed by doubling the first consonant. If the first consonant is already doubled, like in «шшар» “to hiss”, it doubles the consonant cluster, but with «ы» in between. So, “шшар” becomes “шшышшар”. | ||
Although being non-concatenative, other forms have particles to make them. Those oarticles always come before the verb form. The participle is formed by the particle “во” + infinitive. The Past is formed by “гье” + present form(conjugated). The future is formed by “нло” + present form(conjugated). The Perfect is formed by “боц” + present form(conjugated). The imperfect is formed by “зёх” + present form(conjugated). So for example, the Past Perfect Imperative Firsthand Surprising of the verb “tal” (to see) is: гьебоц тол ('eboc tol). | |||
Here’s the complete conjugation of the verb '''tal''' (to see): | Here’s the complete conjugation of the verb '''tal''' (to see): | ||
!!Attention: Forms with pronouns inside the verbs are not included, such as “I see HIM”!! | !!Attention: Forms with pronouns inside the verbs are not included, such as “I see HIM”!! | ||
{| border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" | {| border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" | ||
! '''Tense''' | ! '''Tense''' | ||