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TolsianR: Difference between revisions
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→Conjugation
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|- | |- | ||
! 1SG | ! 1SG | ||
| ''stem''-a || ''stem''-ita || ''stem''-ifa || ''stem''-ira || ''stem''-iko || ''stem''-o || ''stem''-jo || ''stem''-ja || ''stem''- | | ''stem''-a || ''stem''-ita || ''stem''-ifa || ''stem''-ira || ''stem''-iko || ''stem''-o || ''stem''-jo || ''stem''-ja || ''stem''-itja || ''stem''-ifja || ''stem''-irja || ''stem''-ikjo || ''stem''-jo || ''stem''-joh | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 2SG | ! 2SG | ||
| ''stem''-as || ''stem''-itas || ''stem''-ifas || ''stem''-iras || ''stem''-ikos || ''stem''-os || ''stem''-jos || ''stem''-jas || ''stem''- | | ''stem''-as || ''stem''-itas || ''stem''-ifas || ''stem''-iras || ''stem''-ikos || ''stem''-os || ''stem''-jos || ''stem''-jas || ''stem''-itjas || ''stem''-ifjas || ''stem''-irjas || ''stem''-ikjos || ''stem''-jos || ''stem''-joθ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 3SG | ! 3SG | ||
| ''stem''-at || ''stem''-itat || ''stem''-ifat || ''stem''-irat || ''stem''-ikot || ''stem''-ot || ''stem''-jot || ''stem''-jat || ''stem''- | | ''stem''-at || ''stem''-itat || ''stem''-ifat || ''stem''-irat || ''stem''-ikot || ''stem''-ot || ''stem''-jot || ''stem''-jat || ''stem''-itjat || ''stem''-ifjat || ''stem''-irjat || ''stem''-ikjot || ''stem''-jot || ''stem''-jot̚ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 1PL | ! 1PL | ||
| ''stem''-im || ''stem''- | | ''stem''-im || ''stem''-itimo || ''stem''-ifimo || ''stem''-irimo || ''stem''-ikomys || ''stem''-omys || ''stem''-jof || ''stem''-jim || ''stem''-itjimo || ''stem''-ifjimo || ''stem''-irjimo || ''stem''-ikjomys || ''stem''-jomys || ''stem''-joɸ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 2PL | ! 2PL | ||
| ''stem''- | | ''stem''-iti || ''stem''-iti || ''stem''-ifiti || ''stem''-iriti || ''stem''-ikotis || ''stem''-otis || ''stem''-joz || ''stem''-jiti || ''stem''-itjiti || ''stem''-ifjiti || ''stem''-irjiti || ''stem''-ikjotis || ''stem''-jotis || ''stem''-joʒ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 3PL | ! 3PL | ||
| ''stem''-an || ''stem''-itan || ''stem''-ifan || ''stem''-iran || ''stem''-ikona || ''stem''-ona || ''stem''-jon || ''stem''-jan || ''stem''- | | ''stem''-an || ''stem''-itan || ''stem''-ifan || ''stem''-iran || ''stem''-ikona || ''stem''-ona || ''stem''-jon || ''stem''-jan || ''stem''-itjan || ''stem''-ifjan || ''stem''-irjan || ''stem''-ikjona || ''stem''-jona || ''stem''-jowi | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 2FORMAL | ! 2FORMAL | ||
| ''stem''-ine | | ''stem''-ine || ''stem''-itine || ''stem''-ifine || ''stem''-irine || ''stem''-ike || ''stem''-e || ''stem''-je || ''stem''-jine || ''stem''-itje || ''stem''-ifje || ''stem''-irje || ''stem''-ikje || ''stem''-je || ''stem''-joð ; ''stem''-joː | ||
|} | |} | ||
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=====Examples of conjugated verbs===== | =====Examples of conjugated verbs===== | ||
Note : in the original alphabet, and its corresponding traditional transliteration, endings that contain the sound /jo/ are written with the letter <y> if they belong to the absolute | Note : in the original alphabet, and its corresponding traditional transliteration, endings that contain the sound /jo/ are written with the letter <y> if they belong to the absolute, but a digraph <i͠o> elsewhere ; for instance, the absolute animate 1SG, 2SG and 3SG persons are differentiated in writing from their inanimate conditional counterparts, despite being the same in phonic realization. In the modern transliteration, there is no difference. | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! 1SG | ! 1SG | ||
| barini || bariniti || barinifi || bariniri || bariniko || barinino || bariniy / bariniyo || barinii͠i / bariniyi || bariniti͠i / barinityi || barinifi͠i / barinifyi || bariniri͠i / bariniryi || | | barini || bariniti || barinifi || bariniri || bariniko || barinino || bariniy / bariniyo || barinii͠i / bariniyi || bariniti͠i / barinityi || barinifi͠i / barinifyi || bariniri͠i / bariniryi || bariniki͠o / barinikyo || barinii͠o / bariniyo || bariniyh / bariniyoh | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 2SG | ! 2SG | ||
| barinic / barinis || barinitic / barinitis || barinific / barinifis || bariniric / bariniris || barinikoc / barinikos || barininoc / barininos || bariniyc / bariniyos || barinii͠ic / bariniyis|| bariniti͠ic / barinityis || barinifi͠ic / barinifyis || bariniri͠ic / bariniryis || | | barinic / barinis || barinitic / barinitis || barinific / barinifis || bariniric / bariniris || barinikoc / barinikos || barininoc / barininos || bariniyc / bariniyos || barinii͠ic / bariniyis|| bariniti͠ic / barinityis || barinifi͠ic / barinifyis || bariniri͠ic / bariniryis || bariniki͠oc / barinikyos || barinii͠oc / bariniyos || bariniys / bariniyoc | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 3SG | ! 3SG | ||
| barinit || barinitit || barinifit || barinirit || barinikot || barininot || bariniyt / bariniyot || barinii͠it / bariniyit || bariniti͠it / barinityit || barinifi͠it / barinifyit || bariniri͠it / bariniryit || | | barinit || barinitit || barinifit || barinirit || barinikot || barininot || bariniyt / bariniyot || barinii͠it / bariniyit || bariniti͠it / barinityit || barinifi͠it / barinifyit || bariniri͠it / bariniryit || bariniki͠ot / barinikyot || barinii͠ot / bariniyot || bariniyŧ / bariniyoth or bariniyott | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 1PL | ! 1PL | ||
| barinim || barinitimo || barinifimo || barinirimo || barinikomuc / barinikomüs || barininomuc / barininomüs || bariniyf / bariniyof || barinii͠im / bariniyim || bariniti͠imo / barinityimo || barinifi͠imo / barinifyimo || bariniri͠imo / bariniryimo || | | barinim || barinitimo || barinifimo || barinirimo || barinikomuc / barinikomüs || barininomuc / barininomüs || bariniyf / bariniyof || barinii͠im / bariniyim || bariniti͠imo / barinityimo || barinifi͠imo / barinifyimo || bariniri͠imo / bariniryimo || bariniki͠omuc / barinikyomüs || barinii͠omuc / bariniyomüs || bariniyƥ / bariniyofh | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 2PL | ! 2PL | ||
| bariniti|| barinititi || barinifiti || bariniriti || barinikotic / barinikotis || barininotic / barininotis || bariniyz / bariniyoz || barinii͠iti / bariniyiti || bariniti͠iti / barinityiti || barinifi͠iti / barinifyiti || bariniri͠iti / bariniryiti || | | bariniti|| barinititi || barinifiti || bariniriti || barinikotic / barinikotis || barininotic / barininotis || bariniyz / bariniyoz || barinii͠iti / bariniyiti || bariniti͠iti / barinityiti || barinifi͠iti / barinifyiti || bariniri͠iti / bariniryiti || bariniki͠otic / barinikyotis || barinii͠otic / bariniyotis || bariniyƶ̆ / bariniyozh | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 3PL | ! 3PL | ||
| barinin || barinitin || barinifin || barinirin || barinikona || barininona || bariniyn / bariniyon || barinii͠in / bariniyin || bariniti͠in/ barinityin || barinifi͠in / barinifyin || bariniri͠in / bariniryin || | | barinin || barinitin || barinifin || barinirin || barinikona || barininona || bariniyn / bariniyon || barinii͠in / bariniyin || bariniti͠in/ barinityin || barinifi͠in / barinifyin || bariniri͠in / bariniryin || bariniki͠ona / barinikyona || barinii͠ona / bariniyona || bariniyƿ / bariniyowi | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 2FORMAL | ! 2FORMAL | ||
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|} | |} | ||
--> | --> | ||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|+ Historical or canonical conjugation of the verb ''vekƃ'', to help | |||
|- | |||
! | |||
! colspan="7" | Class B Animate : vekƃ "to want" | |||
! colspan="7" | Class B Inanimate : vekƃ "to want" | |||
|- | |||
! Person !! Indicative Present !! Indicative Imperfect Past !! Indicative Perfect Past !! Indicative Future !! Subjunctive !! Conditional !! Absolute (Gnomic) !! Indicative Present !! Indicative Imperfect Past !! Indicative Perfect Past !! Indicative Future !! Subjunctive !! Conditional !! Absolute (Gnomic) | |||
|- | |||
! 1SG | |||
| veka || vekita || vekifa || vekira || vekiko || veko || veky / vekyo || veki͠a / vekya || vekiti͠a / vekitya || vekifi͠a / vekifya || vekiri͠a / vekirya || vekiki͠o / vekikyo || veki͠o / vekyo || veky / vekyo | |||
|- | |||
! 2SG | |||
| vekac / vekas || vekitac / vekitas || vekifac / vekifas || vekirac / vekiras || vekikoc / vekikos || vekoc / vekos || vekyc / vekyos || veki͠ac / vekyas|| vekiti͠ac / vektyas || vekifi͠ac / vekifyas || vekiri͠ac / vekiryas || vekiki͠oc / vekikyos || veki͠oc / vekyos || vekys / vekyoc | |||
|- | |||
! 3SG | |||
| vekat || vekitat || vekifat || vekirat || vekikot || vekot || vekyt / vekyot || veki͠at / vekyat || vekiti͠at / vekityat || vekifi͠at / vekifyat || vekiri͠at / vekiryat || vekiki͠ot / vekikyot || veki͠ot / vekyot || vekyŧ / vekyoth or vekyott | |||
|- | |||
! 1PL | |||
| vekim || vekitimo || vekifimo || vekirimo || vekikomuc / vekikomüs || vekomuc / vekomüs || vekyf / vekyof || veki͠im / vekyim || vekiti͠imo / vekityimo || vekifi͠imo / vekifyimo || vekiri͠imo / vekiryimo || vekiki͠omuc / vekikyomüs || veki͠omuc / vekyomüs || vekyƥ / vekyofh | |||
|- | |||
! 2PL | |||
| vekiti|| vekititi || vekifiti || vekiriti || vekikotic / vekikotis || vekotic / vekotis || vekyz / vekyoz || veki͠iti / vekyiti || vekiti͠iti / vekityiti || vekifi͠iti / vekifyiti || vekiri͠iti / vekiryiti || vekiki͠otic / vekikyotis || veki͠otic / vekyotis || vekyƶ̆ / vekyozh | |||
|- | |||
! 3PL | |||
| vekan || vekitan || vekifan || vekiran || vekikona || vekona || vekyn / vekyon || veki͠an/ vekyan || vekiti͠an / vekityan || vekifi͠an / vekifyan || vekiri͠an / vekiryan || vekiki͠ona / vekikyona || veki͠ona / vekyona || vekyƿ / vekyowi | |||
|- | |||
! 2FORMAL | |||
| vekine || vekitine || vekifine || vekirine || vekike || veke || veki͠e / vekye || veki͠ine / vekyine || vekiti͠e / vekitye || vekifi͠e / vekifye || vekiri͠e / vekirye || vekiki͠e / vekikye || veki͠e / vekye || vekyƶ, vekyœ / vekyodh, vekyoo | |||
|} | |||
<!--Let's illustrate this table with the Class B verb ''vekƃ'', "to help" : | |||
Let's illustrate this table with the Class B verb ''vekƃ'', "to help" : | |||
<poem> | <poem> | ||
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</poem> | </poem> | ||
Some write instead : ''vekitqmo, vekitqi , vekitqne'' (imperfect animate), ''vekitqa, vekitqac, vekitqat, vekitqimo, vekitqitc, vekitqan, vekitqe'' (imperfect inanimate). | Some write instead : ''vekitqmo, vekitqi , vekitqne'' (imperfect animate), ''vekitqa, vekitqac, vekitqat, vekitqimo, vekitqitc, vekitqan, vekitqe'' (imperfect inanimate).--> | ||
'''Participles''' | '''Participles''' | ||