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Rakas: Difference between revisions
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added links to the IPA charts; started the Grammar section
Bitterfiefel (talk | contribs) m (→Writing System) |
Bitterfiefel (talk | contribs) (added links to the IPA charts; started the Grammar section) |
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==Name== | ==Name== | ||
Rakas (Rakas: [ˈdakas, ˈɾa-]) is the endonym of the Rakas people, borrowed into English to refer to both the people and language, though the Rakas people rarely refer to their language as the Rakas language, instead calling it Karosaganaki, which literally means ‘we speak it’, or ‘that which we speak’. | Rakas (Rakas: [ˈdakas, ˈɾa-]) is the endonym of the [[Rakas people]], borrowed into English to refer to both the people and language, though the Rakas people rarely refer to their language as the Rakas language, instead calling it Karosaganaki, which literally means ‘we speak it’, or ‘that which we speak’. | ||
==Writing System== | ==Writing System== | ||
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{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" | ||
! colspan="2" | | ! colspan="2" | | ||
! style="padding: 10px" | Labial | ! style="padding: 10px" | [[w:Labial consonant|Labial]] | ||
! style="padding: 10px" | Alveolar | ! style="padding: 10px" | [[w:Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]] | ||
! Velar & <br> Palatal | ! [[w:Velar consonant|Velar]] & <br> [[w:Palatal consonant|Palatal]] | ||
! style="padding: 10px" | Glottal | ! style="padding: 10px" | [[w:Glottal consonant|Glottal]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" | Nasal | ! colspan="2" | [[w:Nasal consonant|Nasal]] | ||
| (m) | | ([[w:Voiced bilabial nasal|m]]) | ||
| n ~ ɾ̃ | | [[w:Voiced alveolar nasal|n]] ~ [[w:Voiced dental and alveolar taps and flaps#Alveolar nasal tap and flap|ɾ̃]] | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="2" style="padding: 10px" | Stop | ! rowspan="2" style="padding: 10px" | [[w:Stop consonant|Stop]] | ||
! voiceless | ! [[w:Voice (phonetics)|voiceless]] | ||
| | | | ||
| t | | [[w:Voiceless alveolar stop|t]] | ||
| k | | [[w:Voiceless velar stop|k]] | ||
| (ʔ) | | ([[w:Glottal stop|ʔ]]) | ||
|- | |- | ||
! voiced | ! [[w:Voice (phonetics)|voiced]] | ||
| b | | [[w:Voiced bilabial stop|b]] | ||
| d ~ ɾ | | [[w:Voiced alveolar stop|d]] ~ [[w:Voiced dental and alveolar taps and flaps|ɾ]] | ||
| ɡ | | [[w:Voiced velar stop|ɡ]] | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" | Continuant | ! colspan="2" | [[w:Continuant|Continuant]] | ||
| w ~ β | | [[w:Voiced labial–velar approximant|w]] ~ [[w:Voiced bilabial fricative|β]] | ||
| s | | [[w:Voiceless alveolar fricative|s]] | ||
| j | | [[w:Voiced palatal approximant|j]] | ||
| h ~ θ | | [[w:Voiceless glottal fricative|h]] ~ [[w:Voiceless dental fricative|θ]] | ||
|} | |} | ||
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{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" | ||
! | ! | ||
! Front | ! [[w:Front vowel|Front]] | ||
! Back | ! [[w:Back vowel|Back]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Close | ! [[w:Close vowel|Close]] | ||
| i | | [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|i]] | ||
| u | | [[w:Close back rounded vowel|u]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Mid | ! [[w:Mid vowel|Mid]] | ||
| e | | [[w:Mid front unrounded vowel|e]] | ||
| o | | [[w:Mid back rounded vowel|o]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Open | ! [[w:Open vowel|Open]] | ||
| colspan="2" | a | | colspan="2" | [[w:Open unrounded central vowel|a]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! [[w:Diphthong|Diphthongs]] | ||
| colspan="2" | u̯e, i̯o | | colspan="2" | u̯e, i̯o | ||
|} | |} | ||
*The mid vowels /e/ and /o/ are realised as true mid [e̞] and [o̞] respectively. | |||
*/a/ is usually realised as central [ä]. | |||
*The segments /u̯e/ and /i̯o/ occur mostly as part of Rakas's vowel harmony. | *The segments /u̯e/ and /i̯o/ occur mostly as part of Rakas's vowel harmony. | ||
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| e | | e | ||
|} | |} | ||
==Grammar== | |||
===Typology=== | |||
In general, Rakas is a head-initial isolating language, with prepositional particles serving as case markers. There are three grammatical numbers: singular, plural, and collective. Adjectives precede the nouns they modify. Rakas's morphosyntactic alignment most resembles nominative-accusative languages, though with distinct cases marking causative and passive arguments seperately from the nominative case. It is a verb-subject-object language. | |||
[[Category:Rakas language]] | [[Category:Rakas language]] | ||