105
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Apostolic: Difference between revisions
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→Phonology
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! Voiced plosive become fricatives !! Voiceless plosives become voiced !! Breathed plosives become fricatives | ! Voiced plosive become fricatives !! Voiceless plosives become voiced !! Breathed plosives become fricatives | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | /b/ → /v/, /d/ → /ð/, /g/ → /ɣ/ || /p/ → /b/, /t/ → /d/, /k/ → /g/ || /p<sup>h</sup>/ → /f/, /t<sup>h</sup> → /θ/, /k<sup>h</sup> → /h/ | ||
|} | |} | ||
Apostolic also adopted some phonological traits from Italian:<br> | |||
C = /ʃ/ before /e/, /i/, /j/; /k/ elsewhere.<br> | |||
G = /ʒ/ before /e/, /i/, /j/; /g/ elsewhere.<br> | |||
/kC/ → /C/ or /CC/<br> | |||
Final consonants disappear, plurals formed differently from -s or not at all.<br> | |||
<br> | |||
/r/ must start a syllable, ergo ''tre'' = /ti̯ˈre/, not */tre/; ''servori'' = /serˈvɔ.ri/, not */serˈvɔr.i/ | |||
== Orthography == | |||
Most letters in Apostolic represent their IPA phonemes, with these exceptions:<br> | |||
C and G palatalize before E, I, and Y.<br> | |||
J only appears at the starts of words. I makes the /j/ sound medially and finally.<br> | |||
LI makes the /ʎ/ sound, not */lj/<br> | |||
N becomes velar (/ŋ/) before velar plosives and fricative K (/k/) and G (/g/, /ɣ/).<br> | |||
O becomes open-mid (/ɔ/) before liquids L (/l/) and R (/r/).<br> | |||
Q does not appear individually except to represent itself (pronounced /kwe/). QU, however, makes the /kw/ sound.<br> | |||
S may become voiced (/z/) after voiced plosives B (/b/), D (/d/), G (/g/).<br> | |||
DH and TH represent dental fricatives /ð/ and /θ/ respectively.<br> | |||
U represents semivowel /w/ before unstressed vowels. The letter W only appears at the start of words.<br> | |||
X represents the vowel cluster /ks/, or sometimes /gz/ when unstressed.<br> | |||
Y only appears in loanwords, represented the rounded vowel /y/. | |||