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Yassi: Difference between revisions
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There are certain words of the basic vocabulary which show a closer relation to the [[w:Samoyedic languages|Samoyedic]] than to the [[w:Finno-Ugric languages|Finno-Ugric]] subgroup, like nǝk (PS *näk- instead of FU *kolme 'three'), mǝkt (PS *mǝktut instead of FU *kutte 'six') and swam (PS *time instead of FU *piŋe 'tooth'). However, research has shown that it's often not possible to derive these words from mainstream Proto-Samoyed: Rather, both Yassi swam 'tooth' and Proto-Samoyed *time 'tooth' seem to go back to PU *sewimä 'tooth'. Furthermore, Yassi pǝn 'comb' is assumed to be a cognate to FU *piŋe 'tooth'. Therefore, and as the subgrouping of the Uralic languages is still controversial, Yassi must remain classified an independent branch of Proto-Uralic. | There are certain words of the basic vocabulary which show a closer relation to the [[w:Samoyedic languages|Samoyedic]] than to the [[w:Finno-Ugric languages|Finno-Ugric]] subgroup, like nǝk (PS *näk- instead of FU *kolme 'three'), mǝkt (PS *mǝktut instead of FU *kutte 'six') and swam (PS *time instead of FU *piŋe 'tooth'). However, research has shown that it's often not possible to derive these words from mainstream Proto-Samoyed: Rather, both Yassi swam 'tooth' and Proto-Samoyed *time 'tooth' seem to go back to PU *sewimä 'tooth'. Furthermore, Yassi pǝn 'comb' is assumed to be a cognate to FU *piŋe 'tooth'. Therefore, and as the subgrouping of the Uralic languages is still controversial, Yassi must remain classified an independent branch of Proto-Uralic. | ||
Many toponyms in the Yassi speaking area are of unknown origin. They are neither Uralic nor Indo-European. Connections to [[w:Burushaski|Burushaski]] have not been verified | Many toponyms in the Yassi speaking area are of unknown origin. They are neither Uralic nor Indo-European. Connections to [[w:Burushaski|Burushaski]] have not been verified. | ||
=== Three Layers Hypothesis === | |||
According to Vladimir Churbanov, Yassi exhibits several layers of different idioms, denying Yassi being a genuine Uralic language. Instead, it's more probable that Yassi is a language isolate with a Uralic (Para-Proto-Samoyed?) and a Proto-Iranian layer. Unlike other linguists, who argue that Yassi is a Uralic language which has adopted vocabulary from an isolate autochtonous substrate language and Proto-Iranian, Churbanov states all the isolated words in Yassi actually constitute the oldest part of the tongue. | |||
Words with certain peculiarities which cannot be of Iranian origin are part of the origin lexicon. This conspicuousness consists of: | |||
*The sound γ (< Proto-Yassi *g, but there is no g in Proto-Uralic) | |||
*Verbalized adjectives ("to be cold" instead of "cold") | |||
The following words therefore belong to original "Proto-Yassi", as no connection to other languages could have been shown so far: | |||
*γirpaw: River Ghirpa(w), a tributary to the Yas River | |||
*kām: sand | |||
*korg: to be dry | |||
*rirg: snow | |||
*tan: to be cold | |||
*toγ: belly | |||
Churbanov argues Proto-Yassi people came into contact with Uralians when the Proto-Uralians still were one people: | |||
*aw: to eat (< PU *sewe-) | |||
*ğirm: eye (< PU *śilmä) | |||
*mat: house (< PU *mättɜ) | |||
*mǝn: to go (< PU *mene-) | |||
When the Yassi people went southwards into their nowaday homeland, the met Indo-Europeans, however it is not clear if they were Indo-Iranians or Iranians. Most favor the latter, but as Yassi has strangely undergone very similar sound changes as other (Eastern) Iranians tongues, that's hard to tell. | |||
*lorg: wood (< PI *dāruka-) | |||
*maṇa: apple (< PI *amarnā-) | |||
*pwaštay: book (< PI *paustaka-) | |||
*sǝl: hundred (< PI *sata-) | |||
In recent times, Yassi adopted Perso-Arabic vocabulary common to all idioms in the region: | |||
*kitāb: book | |||
== Phonology == | == Phonology == | ||
===[[Vowel]]s=== | ===[[Vowel]]s=== | ||