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| c | | c dz | ||
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| ch | | ch dzh | ||
| q j | | q j | ||
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| s z | | s z | ||
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| sh | | sh zh | ||
| x | | x | ||
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| a | | a | ||
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This language has four tones. Because the letters have diaresis, we use superscript numbers instead of additional diacritical marks to indicate tones. | |||
# Average tone: 55 | |||
# Rising tone: 25 | |||
# Falling tone(lower): 31 | |||
# Falling tone(higher): 51 | |||
= Grammar = | |||
== Glyphs and Words == | |||
Each basic vocabulary word consists of a single syllable. Since each syllable corresponds to one character, these basic vocabulary words have only one character (we will discuss the sinicization scheme later). | |||
New words are constructed by combining monosyllabic words. A large number of words are disyllabic. For example, | |||
<pre> | |||
Language = Talking + Sound | |||
Student = Study + Human | |||
Dawn = Morning + Before | |||
</pre> | |||
== Syntax == | |||
We use the SOV sentence structure of the Tibeto-Burman language family (rather than the Sinitic language family). | |||
For example(we use phonetic alphabets): | |||
<pre> | |||
They discuss a problem. | |||
他们讨论一个问题。 | |||
他们 一个 问题 讨论 | |||
to1men2 i1no2 un3te2 i4lun3. | |||
</pre> | |||
Since both the Sino-Tibetan language family languages have a large number of measure words, we also use the measure word system here, stipulating that nouns must be combined with numerals using measure words. | |||
For example: | |||
* General classifier: <code>no2</code> | |||
* For elongated objects: <code>tiao2</code> | |||
* For plants (especially trees): <code>ke1</code> | |||
* For flat objects: <code>pian4</code> | |||
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