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User:IlL/Spare pages 1/51: Difference between revisions
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!colspan="2"|Nasal | !colspan="2"|Nasal | ||
| /m/|| /n/|| || | | /m/|| /n/|| | ||
|colspan="2"| ŋ~ɴ || | |||
|- | |- | ||
!rowspan="2"|Stop | !rowspan="2"|Stop | ||
!<small>tenuis</small> | !<small>tenuis</small> | ||
| | | b̥ || d̥ || | ||
|colspan="2"| ɡ̊~ɢ̊ || || [ʔ] | |||
|- | |- | ||
!<small>aspirated</small> | !<small>aspirated</small> | ||
| | | pʰ || tʰ || | ||
|colspan="2"| kʰ~qʰ || || | |||
|- | |- | ||
!rowspan="2"|Fricative | !rowspan="2"|Fricative | ||
!<small>voiceless</small> | !<small>voiceless</small> | ||
| | | f || s || ɬ || x | ||
|rowspan="3"| | |rowspan="3"| χ~ʁ~ʀ || h | ||
|- | |- | ||
!<small>voiced</small> | !<small>voiced</small> | ||
| | | v || z || ɮ || ɣ | ||
|| | || | ||
|- | |- | ||
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|- | |- | ||
!colspan="2"| Approximant | !colspan="2"| Approximant | ||
| | | w || || || || ʟ || | ||
|} | |} | ||
====Notes==== | ====Notes==== | ||
*An initial [ʔ] is added to null initials. | |||
*The aspiration distinction is neutralized word-finally. | *The aspiration distinction is neutralized word-finally. | ||
*Unaspirated consonants are half-voiced between vowels (at least within a word). | *Unaspirated consonants /p, t, k/ are half-voiced [b̥, d̥, ɡ̊] between vowels (at least within a word). | ||
*/tʰ, | */tʰ, t/ are alveolar [tʰ, d̥] for most speakers. | ||
*/ɬ, ɮ/ is formally dental lateral fricatives [ɬ̪, ɮ̪], often alveolar [ɬ, ɮ] in colloquial speech. | */ɬ, ɮ/ is formally dental lateral fricatives [ɬ̪, ɮ̪], often alveolar [ɬ, ɮ] in colloquial speech. | ||
*/s, z/ are alveolar retracted [s̠, z̠], similar to the Northern/Central Castillan Spanish and Modern Greek counterparts. | */s, z/ are alveolar retracted [s̠, z̠], similar to the Northern/Central Castillan Spanish and Modern Greek counterparts. | ||
*/ŋ, kʰ, | */ŋ, kʰ, k/ are usually velar [ŋ, kʰ, k], but are often uvular [ɴ, qʰ, q] next to /ʀ/ and /ʟ/. | ||
*/ʟ/ is phonetically a pharyngealized uvular approximant [ʁ̞ˤ] or a backed uvular approximant [ʁ̠̞] which may be pronounced with compressed lips [ʁ̞ᵝˤ~ʁ̠̞ᵝ]; the vocalic quality resembles [ɤ]. It is similar to the Philadelphia English vocalized L. (This article uses /ʟ/ for simplicity.) | */ʟ/ is phonetically a pharyngealized uvular approximant [ʁ̞ˤ] or a backed uvular approximant [ʁ̠̞] which may be pronounced with compressed lips [ʁ̞ᵝˤ~ʁ̠̞ᵝ]; the vocalic quality resembles [ɤ]. It is similar to the Philadelphia English vocalized L. (This article uses /ʟ/ for simplicity.) | ||
** It is vocalized in unstressed syllables to [ɤˁ]. | ** It is vocalized in unstressed syllables to [ɤˁ]. | ||