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Middle Wiebian: Difference between revisions

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Middle Wiebian (view source)

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'''{{PAGENAME}}''' is the ancestor language of [[Reber Wiebian|Reber]], [[Zwehrer]] and [[Gaufian|Gauf Wiebian]] lects.
==Introduction==
==Orthography==
Old Kurmian is inspired by Old Irish.
:''See also: [[Wiebian/Script]].''


==Historical phonology==
==Sound changes==
===AW inventory===
AW: ie /i/ üh /y/ uh /u/ i /ɪ/ ü /ʏ/ u /ʊ/ e /ɛ/ ö /œ/ o /ɔ/ a /æ/ ei /ä/ ah /ɒ/ au /æʊ/ eu /ɔɪ/ eh /ɛɪ/ öh /œʏ/ oh /ɔʊ/ ir /iɻ/ ür /yɻ/ ur /uɻ/ er /ɛɻ/ ör /œɻ/ or /ɔɻ/ ar /äɻ/
<poem>
Ancient Wiebian:
i iː ʉ ʉː u uː
e eː ə ɵː o oː
ɛ ɔː
ɐ aː
aʊ ɵɪ aɪ iɐ ʉɐ uɐ


</poem>
æ, ä, ɒ, i, y, u, ɪ, ʏ, ʊ, ɛ, œ, ɔ, æʊ, ɔɪ, ɛɪ, œʏ, ɔʊ, iɻ, yɻ, uɻ, ɛɻ/œɻ, ɔɻ, äɻ > jæ, æ, ɑ, ji, ju, u, je, jə, wə, jə, ə, ə, jɑ, we, e, jwe, ow, jiə, jwa, wa, jow, ow, ɑ
 
===Sound changes===
====AW > Pre-OZw====
*Vʀɐ > Vɐ
*ɪɐ iːɐ > iɐ, ʏɐ yːɐ > yɐ, ʊɐ uːɐ > uɐ, aɐ a:ɐ > aɐ
Some Philly-style changes:
*ai > əi / _(voiceless) (after AV)
*au >  əʊ / _(voiceless)
*ɔʏ >  əʏ / _(voiceless)
*əl > ʊ in unstressed syllables
 
====Initial changes====
*ts > s
*Cv > Cw
*Pr Br Fr r > ʈ ɖ ʂ ʐ
=====Aspiration=====
*sp/pf sb st sd sʈ sɖ s! sg! sk sg > pʰ bʰ tʰ dʰ ʈʰ ɖʰ !ʰ g!ʰ kʰ gʰ
*sv sz > wʰ s
*sm sn > mʰ nʰ
 
=====Séimhiú=====
*Vp Vb Vt Vd Vʈ Vɖ V! Vg! Vk Vg > f v θ ð ʂ ʐ ɧ ɧ̬ x ɣ
*Vf Vv Vs Vz > ʔ ɦ h ɦ
*Vm Vl > v j
*aspirated consonants mutate the same as non-aspirated ones, except: mʰ > wʰ, nʰ > nʰ, lʰ > wʰ, wʰ > wʰ
 
=====Urú=====
*np nb nt nd nʈ nɖ n! ng! nk ng > b m d n ɖ ɳ g! ŋ! g ŋ
*nf ns nɧ > v z ɧ̬
*nsm nsn > m n
*nsp nst nsʈ ns! (nsk) > mʰ nʰ ɳʰ ŋʰ! ŋʰ
*nsl > l
=====Pharyngealization split=====
*Cl, Cʀ > Cˁ
*s-ʀ > hˁ, ʀ > ʔˁ
 
=====Other changes=====
*v > w
 
====Pre-OZw > OZw====
*a aː > æ æː
*ɛ i ɔ u œ y > æ e ɑ o æ ø / _Cɐ
*ɛː eː iː ɔː oː øː uː yː > ɛː eː ɔː œː oː øː / _Cɐ
*a e i ø y > ɔ ø y o u / _Cʊ
*aː ɛː eː iː ɔː øː yː> ɔː œː øː yː oː oː uː / _Cʊ
*final ɐ, ʊ lost
*ai aw ay > eː oː øː
*iɐ̯ > iːa
*uɐ̯ > uːa
*yɐ̯ > yːa
*œɐ̯ > œː
*aɐ̯ > æː
*ˁæ ˁe ˁi ˁo ˁø ˁu ˁy > ˁɑ ˁæ ˁe ˁɑ ˁæ ˁo ˁø
*ˁæː ˁeː ˁiː ˁoː ˁøː ˁuː ˁyː > ˁɑː ˁay ˁey ˁaw ˁoy ˁow ˁoy
*ˁaɐ̯ > ˁaː > ˁɑː
*eː iː oː uː øː yː > iː ai uː aw yː oy (GVS)
*əa > əː
*əi əu əy (both pharyngealized and unpharyngealized) > iː uː yː
 
====AW > OZw finals====
*cluster ending in fricative > breathy tone, cluster lost w/ compensatory lengthening
*cluster ending in plosive > glottalized tone, cluster lost w/ compensatory lengthening
*-w results from the first consonant in the final being a labial (unless final is single /-p/)
*-j results from /ç, ɧ/ as the first consonant


==Phonology==
==Phonology==
===Consonants===
===Initials===
 
{|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center"
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;"
|-
|+'''{{PAGENAME}} initials'''
|+'''{{PAGENAME}} initials'''
! colspan="2"|
!colspan="2" |  
!Labial
! | Labial
!Alveolar
! | Coronal
!Click
! | Coarticulated
!Velar
! | Velar
!Uvular
! | Glottal
!Glottal
|-
|-
! rowspan="2"|Nasal
!rowspan="2"| Nasal
! | <small>voiceless</small>
! <small>voiceless</small>
|/m̊/
| /m̊/  
|/n̊/
| /n̊/  
|/ŋ̊!/
| /ŋ̊!/  
|/ŋ̊/
| (/ŋ̊/)
|/ɴ̊/
|
|  
|-
|-
! | <small>voiced</small>
! <small>voiced</small>
|/m/
| /m/  
|/n/
| /n/  
|/ŋǃ/
| /ŋ!/  
|/ŋ/
| /ŋ/  
|/ɴ/
|
|  
|-
|-
! rowspan="3"|Stop
!rowspan="4" | Stop
! | <small>tenuis</small>
!<small>tenuis</small>
|/p/
| /p/  
|/t/
| /t/  
|/ǃ/
| /!/  
|/k/
| /k/  
|/q/  
| /ʔ/
|/ʔ/
|-
|-
! | <small>aspirated</small>
!<small>aspirated</small>
|/pʰ/
| /pʰ/  
|/tʰ/
| /tʰ/  
|/ǃʰ/
| /!ʰ/  
|/kʰ/
| /kʰ/  
|/qʰ/
|  
|
|-
|-
! | <small>voiced</small>
!<small>voiced</small>
|/b/
| /b/  
|/d/
| /d/  
|/ɡǃ/
| /g!/  
|/ɡ/
| /g/  
|/ɢ/
|  
|
|-
|-
! rowspan="2"|Spirants
!<small>breathy voiced</small>
! | <small>voiceless</small>
| /bʱ/  
|/f/
| /dʱ/  
|/θ/
| /g!ʱ/
|/ɧ/
| /gʱ/  
|/x/
|  
|/χ/
|/h/
|-
|-
! | <small>voiced</small>
!rowspan="2"|Fricative
|
!<small>voiceless</small>
|/ð/
| /f/
|/ɧ̬/
| /s/  
|/ɣ/
| /ɧ/  
|/ʁ/
| /x/  
|
| /h/
|-
|-
! rowspan="2"|Sibilants
!<small>voiced</small>
! | <small>voiceless</small>
|  
|
| /z/  
|/s/
| /ɧ̬/
|
| /ɣ/
|
|  
|
|
|-
|-
! | <small>voiced</small>
!colspan=2| Trill
|
|  
|/z/
| /r/  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|-
|-
! rowspan="2"|Approximant
!colspan=2| Approximant
! | <small>voiceless</small>
| /w/, /ɥ/
|/ʍ/
| /l/
|/l̥/
|  
|
| /j/
|
|  
|
|
|-
! | <small>voiced</small>
|/w/
|/l/
|
|
|
|
|}
|}
broad ŧ is postvelar /k̠ǃ/ while slender ŧ is prevelar /k̟ǃ/


===Vowels===
===Vowels===
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align: center;"
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 540px; text-align:center;"
|+ '''{{PAGENAME}} vowels'''
|-
|-
! rowspan="3" style="width: 90px; "|
! &nbsp;
! colspan="4" style="width: 180px; " |Front
! Front
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" style="width: 90px; " |Central
! Central
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" style="width: 90px; " |Back
! Back
|-
|-
! colspan="2" style="width: 90px; " |<small>unrounded</small>
! Close
! colspan="2" style="width: 90px; " |<small>rounded</small>
| /ʲi/ /ʲiː/ /ʲʷi/ /ʲʷiː/
|-
|  
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
| /(ʷ)u/ /(ʷ)uː/
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
|-
|-
! style="" |Close
! Close-mid
| /i/
| /ʲe/ /ʲeː/ /ʷeː/ /ʲʷe/ /ʲʷeː/
| /iː/
| /y/
| /yː/
|
|
| /u/
| /uː/
|-
! style="" |Mid
| /e/
| /ɛː/
| /ø/
| /øː/
|  
|  
| /əː/
| /ɤ/ /ɤː/ /ʷo/ /ʷoː/
| /o/
| /ɔː/
|-
|-
! style="" |Open
! Open
| /æ/
| /æː/
|
|
|  
|  
| /ʲa/ /aː/ /ʲaː/ /ʷa/ /ʲʷa/
|  
|  
| /ɑ/
| /ɑː/
|}
|}


Diphthongs: /ai au oy ja je iːa wa wo uːa ɥa ɥø yːa aiɐ auɐ oyɐ/
Diphthongs: /ʲia ʲʷia ua/ written <ir ibhir ur>


===Tones (allophonic)===
===Finals===
*(-p m)
Permissible finals: /-p -t -k -m -n -l -w -j/
*(-p b)
 
*(-p g)
===Suprasegmentals===
*(+p m)
Each syllable could have two registers: plain (''a á'') and breathy (''à â'').
*(+p b)
*(+p g)


==Grammar==
==Grammar==
For ordinal numerals: ''Schmielke'' 'order' e.g. ''wahm Schmielke Hauer'' 'the first king' (or ''Zwind''? any relation to ''zweid'' 'walk'?)
===Mutations===
 
*/pʰ/ <''p''> > /f/ /b/ /p/ (from AW pf)
==Phrasebook==
*/b/ <''b''> > /w/ /m/ /b/
''wahm, discher, narg, đauf, sälisch, stuhm, raut, lerz, pfarb, kier'':
*/p/ <''sp''> > /p/ /m̊/ /p/
 
*/f/ <''f''> > /0/ /w/ /f/ (from AW f and w)
we:m (-p m), dej (-p b), ne:k (-p g), g!u: (-p b), zi: (-p b), tʰaum (-p m), ʔaut (+p g), lja: (-p b), pʰe:p (-p g), kaiɐ̯ (-p m)
*/m/ <''m''> > /ṽ/ /m/ /m̊/
 
*/m̊/ <''sm''>
*/tʰ/ <''t''> > /θ/ /d/ /t/
*/d/ <''d''> > /ð/ /n/ /d/
*/t/ <''st''> > /t/ /n̊/ /t/
*/s/ <''z''> > /h/ /z/ /s/
*/z/ <''s''> > /0/ /z/ /z/
*/n/ <''n''> > /n/ /n/ /n̊/
*/n̊/ <''sn''>
*/l/ <''l''>
*/l̥/ <''sl''>
*/r/ <''sr''>
*/r̥/ <''sr''>
*/!ʰ/ <''ŧ''> > /ɧ/ /g!/ /!/
*/g!/ <''đ''> > /ɧ̬/ /ŋ!/ /g!/
*/!/ <''sŧ''> > /!/ /ŋ̊!/ /!/
*/ɧ/ <''sc''> > /h/ /ɧ̬/ /ɧ/
*/ŋ!/ <''nđ''> > /ŋ!/ /ŋ!/ /ŋ̊!/ (in loanwords)
*/ŋ̊!/ <''snđ''> (in loanwords)
*/kʰ/ <''c''> > /x/ /g/ /k/
*/g/ <''g''> > /ɣ/ /ŋ/ <''n-g''> /gʰ/
*/ŋ/ <''ng''> > /ŋ/ /ŋ/ /ŋ̊/ (in loanwords)
*/ŋ̊/ <''sng''> (in loanwords)


{{List subpages|caption=Related pages with more information}}
===Tenses===
*Present: is V S O, negation má V is S O
*Past: do-L V S O, negation mádh-L V S O


[[Category:Pfeuno-K'aitian languages]][[Category:Wiebic languages]][[Category:Hussmauch]]
[[Category:Wiebic languages]][[Category:Pfeunic languages]][[Category:Quihum languages]]
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