Antarctican/Verbs: Difference between revisions

These verbs are clearly marked for transitivity (e.g. a different verb is used in the sentence "The door opened" compared to the sentence "I opened the door".They also take infixes to indicate pronominal objects and voice changes (which is conflated with aspect marking). As well as this, they take prefixes to indicate pronominal subjects (which is conflated with tense marking).

 

doleeju /doleːɟu/ - to drag,

`tùlòoezi /ʱtuʱlɘʱːzi/ –

 

`ròedla /ʱʁɘʱdɮa/ - red,

`ròedù /ʱʁɘʱduʱ/ - red,

 

'kiraeypyu /kiʁɛipʲu/

'kiraypùe /kiʁa;ipɨʱ/

 

 

éypyùey /ʔeiˤpʲɨiʱ/

 

gowpòeyòoe /goupɘʱjɘːʱ/

 

ùenyòelòoe /ʔɨʱɲɘʱleː/

 

kùevòelùun /kɨʱɥɘʱluːɴʱ/

 

hlõ /ɬɔ/ - to perform, root

 

`màotùsòe /ʱmɜʱtuʱsɘʱ/

 

`nyùeypòe /ʱɲɨipɘʱ/ - to

 

sàonkùesòe /sɜɴʱkɨʱsɜʱ/

 

yintùrào /jiɴtuʱʁɜʱ/

 

imuepu /ʔimɨpu/ - to sit down, root

 

nitùsòe /nituʱsɘʱ/ - to be

 

pensàao /peɴsɜːʱ/ - to

 

'kiraypùe /kiʁaipɨʱ/

 

tùlòoezi /tuʱlɘːʱzi/ –

 

pùelùezi /pɨʱlɨʱzi/ -

 

How it is formed from the root is regular, but the rules are somewhat complex

hli-õ /ɬiʔɔ/ - to perform,

 

éypyi-eey /ʔeiˤpʲiʔeːi/

 

inyeli-aa /ʔiɲeliʔaː/

 

kiveli-ewn /kiɥeliʔeuɴ/ -

 

yuentolõ /jɨɴtolɔ/ - to

 

nangaluu /naŋaluː/ - to flow,

 

'kiramyu /ˤkiʁamʲu/ - to

 

imuepya /ʔimɨpʲa/ - to sit

 

nuetoze /nɨtoze/ - to be fed on, root

siboete /sibɘte/ - to all be present, root

 

`màotù /ʱmɜʱtuʱ/ - to give

 

`nyùue /ʱɲɨːʱ/ - to snow,

 

sàon-gùe /sɜʱɴgɨʱ/

 

daraeke /daʁɛke/ - to cover, root

 

 

dleeju

 

`tùlòoezi /ʱtuʱlɘʱːzi/ – to drag, intransitive,

`tlòoezi

 

 

 

/çinaʁi/ - to twist, intransitive, root

yùenàorùe

/jɨʱnɜʱʁɨʱ/ - to twist, intransitive,

 

hali

ràorùe

pyùu /pʲuːʱ/ - to purify,

pyelùu /pʲeluːʱ/ - to purify

The last example this is distinct

from pyòelùu /pʲɘʱluːʱ/ - to purify who,

Note that, for the purposes of the syntax, using any of these infixes turns a transitive verb into an intransitive verb. This means that the subject of such an infixed verb can no longer take ergative case e.g.

*yuenpiloy /jɨɴpiloi/ - employee, ergative

*sõwdla - /sɔudɮ/ - soldier, absolutive

| yuenpiloy || damasùe || sõwdla

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An employee scammed a soldier

| yuenpiluy || daesamasùe

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An employee scammed us (including you)

| daesamasùe || yuenpiluy   

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An employee scammed us (including you)

| duetamasùe || yuenpiluy

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|}

An employee scammed / will scam (someone who does not need to be mentioned here).

| damamasɨʱ || jɨɴpilui

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|}

An employee is / was / will be scamming (someone who does not need to be mentioned here).

{| class="wikitable"

|-

|-

|-

|}

An employee wants change.

{| class="wikitable"

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An employee wants to scam a soldier.

{| class="wikitable"

|-

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The employee fears the soldier

{| class="wikitable"

|-

|-

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|}

The employee fears he will scam / has scammed the soldier.

| yuenpiloy || 'cháetliqiin || sõwdlan || damasùe  

|-

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|}

The employee fears the soldier will scam / has scammed him.