Antarctican/Nouns: Difference between revisions

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Revision as of 04:58, 28 March 2013

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→‎Phonation Spreading: No longer need section on prediction of floating phonation
(→‎Phonation Spreading: No longer need section on prediction of floating phonation)
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`myùebyijin /ʱmʲɨʱbʲiɟiɴ/ - my mouth, ergative
`myùebyijin /ʱmʲɨʱbʲiɟiɴ/ - my mouth, ergative
=====Prediction of Floating Phonation=====
As a rule, whether or not a noun has floating phonation cannot be
predicted. The only time when it is possible to do so is for absolutive nouns,
if, in the ergative form, the first vowel loses its
breathy or tense phonation and becomes modally voiced. In this case, the rules
are given below:
 
======Sonorant Initial Stem======
If the
absolutive stem begins with a sonorant (nasal or approximant), and that
sonorant becomes devoiced when the vowel after it acquires modal voice in the
ergative form, then there is only ever modal floating phonation before it in both cases e.g.
màao /mɜʱː/ - betel nut, absolutive
pmaagin /pmaːgiɴ/ - betel nut, ergative
myimàao /mʲimɜʱː/ - my betel nut, absolutive
Otherwise,
if a word begins with a sonorant, then it always has floating phonation that is the same as that on the first vowel e.g.
'máláeyáae /ˤmaˤlɛˤjɛːˤ/ - manners, absolutive
maleyooetun /malejɘːtuɴ/ - manners, ergative
'myéymáláeyáae /ˤmʲeiˤmaˤlɛˤjɛːˤ/ - my manners, absolutive
 
======Stem starts with /s/======
If the absolutive
stem begins with /s/, it can never have tense floating phonation
e.g.
sásaechin /saˤsɛciɴ/ - stab wound, absolutive
myisásaechin /mʲisaˤsaɛciɴ/ - my stab wound, absolutive
 
In the case
of absolutive nouns with breathy voice on the first vowel, if, in the ergative
form, the initial /s/ becomes voiced /z/, then the word has breathy floating phonation e.g.
`sàomùe /ʱsɜʱmɨʱ/ - (major) wife, absolutive
zamibyin /zamibʲiɴ/ - (major) wife, ergative
`myùesàomùe /ʱmʲɨʱsɜʱmɨʱ/ - my (major) wife, absolutive (not *myisàomùe)
But if, in
the ergative form, the first vowel acquires modal voice but the initial
consonant stays as voiceless /s/, then in both the absolutive form and the ergative, there is floating modal phonation e.g.
sàopyùe /sɜʱpʲɨʱ/ - speech (as in words, not a formal speech), absolutive
sabyishin /sabʲiçiɴ/ - speech (as in words, not a formal speech), ergative
myisàopyùe /mʲisɜʱpʲɨʱ/ - my speech (as in words, not a formal speech), absolutive
 
======Other stems======
If the
absolutive stem begins with another obstruent (oral stop, affricate or
fricative) followed by a vowel with tense voice, and that obstruent stays voiceless even when followed by a modally
voiced vowel (in the ergative form), then the absolutive form has tense floating phonation e.g.
'táen /tɛɴˤ/ - weather, absolutive
toenchin /tɘɴciɴ/ - weather, ergative
'myéytáen /ˤmʲeiˤtɛɴˤ/ - my weather, absolutive
But if the obstruent becomes voiced, then there is only ever floating modal phonation e.g.
támá /taˤmaˤ/ - victim of a scam / swindle, absolutive
damaesin /damaɛsiɴ/ - victim of a scam / swindle, ergative
myitámá /mʲitaˤmaˤ/ - my victim of a scam / swindle, absolutive
 
And vice versa, if the absolutive form of a noun begins with a voicless obstruent followed by a breathy voiced vowel, and that vowel becomes voiced in the ergative form, then the absolutive form has floating breathy phonation e.g.
`pùelùe /ʱpɨʱlɨʱ/ - bridge, absolutive
bilidlin /bilidɮiɴ/ - bridge, ergative
`myùepùelùe /ʱmʲɨʱpɨʱlɨʱ/ - my bridge, absolutive
`pàoy /ʱpɜiʱ/- baby, absolutive
baybyin /baibʲiɴ/ - baby, ergative
`myùepàoy /ʱmʲɨʱpɜiʱ/ - my baby, absolutive
 
And if the
obstruent stays voiceless in the ergative form, then there is only ever floating modal phonation e.g.
pàoy /pɜiʱ/ - page, absolutive
paydlin /paidɮiɴ/ - page, ergative
myipàoy /mʲipɜiʱ/ - my page, absolutive
 


====Nasalisation of Velar Initials====
====Nasalisation of Velar Initials====
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