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Kämpya: Difference between revisions
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→With Postpositional Phrases
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Postpositional phrases usually come after the theme (i.e. whatever takes the secundative case) e.g. | Postpositional phrases usually come after the theme (i.e. whatever takes the secundative case) e.g. | ||
/ˈsʰíʔtà=zù bàṵn= | /ˈsʰíʔtà=zù bàṵn=tá pʰò̤wé=ká gḭ̂p dô̰k/ | ||
guardian=ERG bone=SEC forest=LOC give dog | guardian=ERG bone=SEC forest=LOC give dog | ||
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=====Clitics beginning with /t/ and /p/===== | =====Clitics beginning with /t/ and /p/===== | ||
Immediately after a monophthong with breathy voice (and thus necessarily a vowel in an open syllable that has stress), an inital /t/ in clitics lenites to /ɾ/. For example, the secundative clitic / | Immediately after a monophthong with breathy voice (and thus necessarily a vowel in an open syllable that has stress), an inital /t/ in clitics lenites to /ɾ/. For example, the secundative clitic /ta/ becomes /ɾa/ e.g. | ||
/ˈsʰíʔtà gwà̤= | /ˈsʰíʔtà gwà̤=ɾá gḭ̂p dô̰k/ | ||
guardian grass=SEC give dog | guardian grass=SEC give dog | ||
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Immediately after a monophthong with harsh voice, /t/ also lenites to /ɾ/. However, it also triggers a phonation shift on the vowel from harsh to glottalised e.g. the noun meaning "snare" is /n̥ḛ̀/ in Tone Class 2. It normally has harsh voice, but it combines with the secundative clitic to form /n̥èʔ= | Immediately after a monophthong with harsh voice, /t/ also lenites to /ɾ/. However, it also triggers a phonation shift on the vowel from harsh to glottalised e.g. the noun meaning "snare" is /n̥ḛ̀/ in Tone Class 2. It normally has harsh voice, but it combines with the secundative clitic to form /n̥èʔ=ɾá/, as in: | ||
/ˈsʰíʔtà n̥ḛ̀= | /ˈsʰíʔtà n̥ḛ̀=ɾá θú=gḭ̂p dô̰k=àuŋ/ | ||
guardian snare=SEC ANTIP=give dog=DAT | guardian snare=SEC ANTIP=give dog=DAT | ||
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The emphatic forms of the accusative pronouns are used with a postposition (e.g. the secundative /tí/). However, some of these pronouns trigger the sandhi rules discussed before (changing the phonation on the vowel to glottalised), and leniting the postposition to. Here is a list of the pronouns when used with the secundative postposition: | The emphatic forms of the accusative pronouns are used with a postposition (e.g. the secundative /tí/). However, some of these pronouns trigger the sandhi rules discussed before (changing the phonation on the vowel to glottalised), and leniting the postposition to. Here is a list of the pronouns when used with the secundative postposition: | ||
1st Person Exclusive - /mìʔ= | 1st Person Exclusive - /mìʔ=ɾá/ | ||
1st Person Inclusive - /là̰n= | 1st Person Inclusive - /là̰n=tá/ | ||
2nd Person - /ḭ̀ŋ= | 2nd Person - /ḭ̀ŋ=tá/ | ||
3rd Person - /swìʔ= | 3rd Person - /swìʔ=ɾá/ | ||
Reflexive - /sèʔ= | Reflexive - /sèʔ=ɾá/ | ||
===Applicative Voice=== | ===Applicative Voice=== | ||