Thangha': Difference between revisions

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Thangha' (view source)

Revision as of 08:10, 7 September 2016

250 bytes added ,  7 September 2016
→‎Pronouns
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!  !! Agentive !! Patientive !! Genitive
!  !! Agentive !! Patientive !! Genitive
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| 1PS Singular || /ˈʔəʔkʷa/ [ˈʔʊkːʷa] || /ˈʔacəⁿ/ [ˈʔæceⁿ] || /kʷo/ [kʷu]
| 1PS Singular || /ˈʔəkfa/ (H)/ [ˈʔə̋kfá] (H)] || /ˈʔacəⁿ/ (H) [ˈʔæ̋céⁿ] || /kfo/ (H) [kfő]
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| 1PS Plural Exclusive || /kaˈmʲəʔ/ [kæˈmʲɪʔ] || /ˈʔəʔmʲəⁿ/ [ˈʔɪʔmʲeⁿ] || /ˈnəʔmʲəⁿ/ [ˈnɪʔmʲeⁿ]
| 1PS Plural Exclusive || /qaˈmʲə/ (L) [qɐ̄ˈmʲɪ̏] || /ˈʔəʔmʲəⁿ/ (L) [ˈʔɪm̰ʲeⁿ] || /ˈʔnəʔmʲəⁿ/ (L) [ˈn̰ɪm̰ʲeⁿ]
|-
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| 1PS Plural Inclusive || /ˈtəʔxʷa/ [ˈtʊxːʷa] || /ˈʔəʔtəⁿ/ [ˈʔətːəⁿ] || /ˈnəʔtəⁿ/ [ˈnətːəⁿ]
| 1PS Plural Inclusive || /ˈtˤəɥa/ (H) [ˈtˤø̋ɥɞ́] || /ˈʔətsəⁿ/ (HL) [ˈʔə̋tsə́ⁿ] (HL) || /ˈʔnətsəⁿ/ (HL) [ˈn̰ə̋tsə́ⁿ]
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| 2PS Singular || /jəʔˈko/ [jɪˈkːo] || /jəʔˈxʷo/ [jʏˈxːʷu] ~ [jʏˈɸːu] ~ [jɪˈɸːo] || /mo/ [mo]
| 2PS Singular || /ʔjəˈqo/ (H) [j̰ɘ́ˈqɔ̋] || /ʔjəˈʔɥo/ (H) [j̰ʏ́ˈɥ̰ʉ̋] || /ʔmo/ (H) [m̰ő]
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| 2PS Plural / Polite || /kaˈxʷo/ [kaˈxʷu] || /jəⁿˈxʷo/ [jøŋˈxʷu] ~ [jømˈɸu] ~ [jemˈɸo] || /ɲəⁿˈxʷo/ [ɲøŋˈxʷu] ~ [ɲømˈɸu] ~ [ɲemˈɸo]
| 2PS Plural / Polite || /qəˈʔɥo/ (H) [qǿˈɥ̰ʉ̋] || /ʔjəˈʔɲʷo/ (H) [̰jʏ́ˈɲ̰ʷʉ̋] || /ʔnəˈʔɲʷo/ (H) [̰n̰ʏ́ˈɲ̰ʷʉ̋]
|-
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| 3PS || /səʔ/ [səʔ] || /ˈkəʔɲəʔ/ [ˈkɪʔɲɪʔ] || /ɲəʔ/ [ɲɪʔ]
| 3PS || /ˈɕəʔja/ (H) [ˈɕɪ́j̰æ̀] || /qaˈɲəʔja/ (H) [qɐ́ˈɲɪ́j̰æ̀] || /ˈʔɲəʔja/ (H) [ˈɲ̰ɪ́j̰æ̀]
|-
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| Reflexive || N/A || /ˈɽəⁿdʑəʔ/ [ˈɽɘndʑɪʔ] || /waⁿ/ [waⁿ]
| Reflexive || N/A || /ˈɕeɳə/ (HL) [ˈɕéɳʌ̀] || /waⁿ/ (L) [wȁⁿ]
|-
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| Reciprocal || N/A || /ˈɕaⁿqʷəʔ/ [ˈɕɐɴqʷɔʔ] || /ˈdəʔʎəʔ/ [ˈdɪʔʎɪʔ]
| Reciprocal || N/A || /ˈɕaⁿkfə/ (HL) [ˈɕǽŋkfə̀] || /ˈtəʔʎə/ (HL) [ˈtɪ́ʎ̰ɪ̀]
|}
|}


The genitive pronouns are used for both alienable and inalienable possession. In both cases, they precede the noun they possess e.g. /kʷo baⁿ/ [kʷu baⁿ] - "my bone" (either in my body, or in my possession).
The genitive pronouns are used for both alienable and inalienable possession. In both cases, they precede the noun they possess e.g. /kfo ˈpəʔwəⁿ/ (H) (HL) [kfő ˈpʊ́w̰ʊ̀ⁿ] - "my bone" (either in my body, or in my possession).


The second person plural pronouns can also be used to refer to a single person, if the speaker desires to express respect to that person. This is similar to French tu vs. vous.
The second person plural pronouns can also be used to refer to a single person, if the speaker desires to express respect to that person. This is similar to French tu vs. vous.
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/dʷoʁəʔ-ɟa ʎə-ˈbetəʔ ˈɽəⁿdʑəʔ/
/bə-ˈdʷogə ʎə-ˈbedˤə ˈɕeɳə/ (HL) (HL) (HL)


[ˈdʷɔʁɘɟːæ ʎɪˈbetəʔ ˈɽɘndʑɪʔ]
[bʊ́ˈdʷùgə̀ ʎɪ́ˈbɛ́dˤʌ̀ ˈɕéɳʌ̀]


dog-ERG ATEL-bite REFL.PAT
dog-ERG ATEL-bite REFL.PAT
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/dʷoʁəʔ-ɟa ʎə-ˈbetəʔ waⁿ baⁿ/
/bə-ˈdʷogə ʎə-ˈbedˤə wȁⁿ ˈpəʔwəⁿ/ (HL) (HL) (L) (HL)


[ˈdʷɔʁɘɟːæ ʎɪˈbetəʔ waⁿ baⁿ]
[bʊ́ˈdʷùgə̀ ʎɪ́ˈbɛ́dˤʌ̀ waⁿ ˈpʊ́w̰ʊ̀ⁿ]


dog-ERG ATEL-bite REFL.GEN bone
dog-ERG ATEL-bite REFL.GEN bone
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The reciprocal patientive pronoun is used where English would say "each other" or "one another". For example:
The reciprocal patientive pronoun is used where English would say "each other" or "one another". For example:


/dʷoʁəʔ-ɟa ʎə-ˈbetəʔ ˈɕaⁿqʷəʔ/
/bə-ˈdʷogə ʎə-ˈbedˤə ˈɕaⁿkfə/ (HL) (HL) (HL)


[ˈdʷɔʁɘɟːæ ʎɪˈbetəʔ ˈɕɐɴqʷɔʔ]
[bʊ́ˈdʷùgə̀ ʎɪ́ˈbɛ́dˤʌ̀ ˈɕǽŋkfə̀]


dog-ERG ATEL-bite RECP.PAT
dog-ERG ATEL-bite RECP.PAT
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/dʷoʁəʔ-ɟa ʎə-ˈbetəʔ ˈdəʔʎəʔ baⁿ/
/bə-ˈdʷogə ʎə-ˈbedˤə ˈtəʔʎə ˈpəʔwəⁿ/ (HL) (HL) (HL) (HL)


[ˈdʷɔʁɘɟːæ ʎɪˈbetəʔ ˈdɪʔʎɪʔ baⁿ]
[bʊ́ˈdʷùgə̀ ʎɪ́ˈbɛ́dˤʌ̀ ˈtɪ́ʎ̰ɪ̀ ˈpʊ́w̰ʊ̀ⁿ]


dog-ERG ATEL-bite RECP.PAT bone
dog-ERG ATEL-bite RECP.PAT bone


The dogs were biting each other's bones.
The dogs were biting each other's bones.


==Verbs==
==Verbs==
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