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User:Frrurtu/Sandbox: Difference between revisions
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|fam1 = Rttirrian | |fam1 = Rttirrian | ||
|fam2 = South Rttirrian | |fam2 = South Rttirrian | ||
|fam3 = Old Gaju | |fam3 = [[Old Gaju]] | ||
|script = [[w:Latin script|Latin]] (unofficially), Rttirri | |script = [[w:Latin script|Latin]] (unofficially), Rttirri | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''Gaju''' (English: /'gɑːd͡ʒuː/, Gaju: ['gäɟu], [[Rttirri]]: [ˈkɑcu]) is a minority language in [[Verse:Rttirria|Rttirria]], spoken by the Gaju people in the eastern part of the country. It is a member of the Rttirrian language family, descended from the Proto-South-Rttirrian langauge that is also the ancestor of modern [[Rttirri]], the nation's official language. | '''Gaju''' (English: /'gɑːd͡ʒuː/, Gaju: ['gäɟu], [[Rttirri]]: [ˈkɑcu]) is a minority language in [[Verse:Rttirria|Rttirria]], spoken by the Gaju people in the eastern part of the country. It is a member of the Rttirrian language family, descended from the Proto-South-Rttirrian langauge that is also the ancestor of modern [[Rttirri]], the nation's official language. | ||
The language has been documented from the [[Old Gaju]] period in the 14th century. While it was used widely across much of eastern Rttirria at that time, its homeland has slowly shrunken over time into the countryside, small towns, and jungles as Rttirri has come to dominate the national landscape. The Gaju community, as well as some ethnically Rttirri Easterners resenting Western cultural influence, has pushed for greater recognition and representation of Gaju and other minority languages. In the 1970s, it became an official language of all of Rttirria; citizens have the right to receive voting ballots, drivers' license exams, court interpreters, and other official documents and proceedings in the Gaju language. | |||
Gaju is a nominative-accusative language. Typically of languages in the [[w:Mainland Southeast Asia linguistic area|Southeast Asian sprachbund]], it is also primarily analytic and isolating in morphology, though it contains some elements of agglutinative and fusional languages. It has a large vowel inventory consisting of 9 vowels, and a moderate-sized consonant inventory of 26 consonants. It is variously written in the [[w:Latin script|Latin]] alphabet, the Rttirri abugida—which is a Brahmic script—the Burmese script, and even [[w:Chinese characters|Chinese characters]]. | |||
==History== | |||
{{main|Old Gaju}} | |||
==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
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The rising and falling tones are uncommon, being found only in loanwords and in a small number of native words where elision of ''VCV'' sequences has caused high-tone and low-tone syllables with the same vowel to occur adjacently to each other. | The rising and falling tones are uncommon, being found only in loanwords and in a small number of native words where elision of ''VCV'' sequences has caused high-tone and low-tone syllables with the same vowel to occur adjacently to each other. | ||
==Orthography== | |||
[[File:Rttirri script.png|thumb|left|The Rttirri native script in handwritten form, as it is used for Rttirri.]] | |||
The Rttirri script was codified in the mid-14th century. It was based on the [[w:Pallava alphabet|Pallava script]], which is a Brahmic abugida that is also the ancestor of the Thai, Lao, Burmese, and Khmer scripts. | |||
As an [[w:abugida|abugida]], the Rttirri script is written with consonantal letters that are mutated for the different vowels. /i/ is the inherent vowel - for example, the character for /m/ is pronounced /mi/, but when given the diacritic for /u/, it is pronounced /mu/. | |||
Although the orthography of Rttirri has become fairly non-phonetic, Gaju has only been consistently written in the Rttirri script since the late 19th and early 20th centuries, so relatively few sound changes have occurred since then. | |||
In the late 19th century, when Rttirria was a colony of Britain, English linguists designed a Latin transcription system for Rttirri and, with it, other indigenous languages such as Gaju. Some Gaju separatists and nationalists choose to use this Latin script, or other scripts such as Burmese or even [[w:Chinese characters|Chinese characters]], to write their language. | |||
==Vocabulary== | |||
Gaju has historically featured very few of the [[w:Sanskrit|Sanskrit]] and [[w:Arabic language|Arabic]] loanwords that abound in [[Rttirri]]. However, the Gaju community's close proximity to [[w:Myanmar|Myanmar]] has given their language numerous loanwords from local languages, such as [[w:Burmese language|Burmese]], [[w:Thai language|Thai]], and the [[w:Karen languages|Karen]] languages. It has also taken on some loans from Rttirri. | |||
==Grammar== | ==Grammar== | ||
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==Sample text== | ==Sample text== | ||
==See also== | |||
* [[Rttirri]] | |||
* [[Verse:Rttirria]] | |||
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