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User:Frrurtu/Sandbox: Difference between revisions
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Example: | Example: | ||
:Ma | :Ma gìka-ge ma mà '''nye'''-gàkung. | ||
:1PL.NOM parent-ACC PL 1PL.GEN FUT-visit | :1PL.NOM parent-ACC PL 1PL.GEN FUT-visit | ||
:We will visit our parents tomorrow. | :We will visit our parents tomorrow. | ||
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|} | |} | ||
=== | Gaju essentially has no [[w:grammatical gender|grammatical gender]]. However, speakers may optionally substitute ''hni'' for the third-person singular pronoun ''la'', derived from ''hnini'' ("girl"), to explicitly communicate that someone is female. The accusative form of ''hni'' is ''hni ke'', and the genitive is ''hni fôm''. This usage is generally prescribed against and avoided in formal speech. | ||
The following particles can be used to express aspect and politeness; the default is imperfective. | |||
===Derivation=== | |||
Words can be derived into other parts of speech with the following suffixes: | |||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" colspan="2"| | |||
! colspan="4"|From... | |||
|- | |||
! Noun | |||
! Verb | |||
! Adjective<br>or Determiner | |||
! Adverb | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="4"|To... | |||
! Noun | |||
| - | |||
| ''-bum'' | |||
| colspan="2" | ''-dom'' | |||
|- | |||
! Verb | |||
| ''-syùùto'' (to do an X-like thing) | |||
| - | |||
| colspan="2" | ''-dosyùù'' | |||
|- | |||
! Adjective<br>or Determiner | |||
| ''-we'' | |||
| ''-bi'' | |||
| - | |||
| ''-bi'' | |||
|- | |||
! Adverb | |||
| colspan="3" | ''-dem'' | |||
| - | |||
|} | |||
===Aspect=== | |||
The following particles can be used to express aspect and politeness; the default is imperfective impolite. | |||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" | {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" | ||
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|} | |} | ||
===Word order=== | ===Word order=== | ||
Due to Gaju's case system, subject and object are not distinguished by their order as in Old Gaju or in Rttirri, so they (and any other noun phrases) can be placed in any order. However, subject-object-verb (SOV) word order remains the standard for clauses, with object-subject-verb (OSV) being a common alternative. | Due to Gaju's case system, subject and object are not distinguished by their order as in Old Gaju or in Rttirri, so they (and any other noun phrases) can be placed in any order. However, subject-object-verb (SOV) word order remains the standard for clauses, with object-subject-verb (OSV) being a common alternative. | ||