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Dama Diwan: Difference between revisions
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:So, informal Dama can form long vowels and diphthongs which are absent in formal Dama; moreover informal Dama is known for its possibility to omit a weak O/U, except in case of a possible confusion when a final O/U is preceded by a nasal (N/M). | :So, informal Dama can form long vowels and diphthongs which are absent in formal Dama; moreover informal Dama is known for its possibility to omit a weak O/U, except in case of a possible confusion when a final O/U is preceded by a nasal (N/M). | ||
===== Prefixes ===== | ===== Prefixes / nuna mibo ===== | ||
This is the meaning of the prefixes (which have not been used and even not been explored until 2016 November 12) in Dama Diwan: | This is the meaning of the prefixes (which have not been used and even not been explored until 2016 November 12) in Dama Diwan: | ||
:With nouns: (-o) | |||
u- =MAWO, male; e- =MUTO, female; a- =WANO, abstract noun, with a connotation of true nature, truly so. | u- =MAWO, male; e- =MUTO, female; a- =WANO, abstract noun, with a connotation of true nature, truly so. | ||
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Informal Dama may be used (that is, sparingly) in spoken language when one has to be very quick in expressing something. In written texts, informal Dama may appear in order to render accurately some informally spoken phrases, in poetry for metric reasons, or in literature for creating more concise expressions than formal Dama can do (e.g., it is more concise to say "ejabo" (a cow), than "muto jabo", or "taino" (blue colour) than "tina buwo". | Informal Dama may be used (that is, sparingly) in spoken language when one has to be very quick in expressing something. In written texts, informal Dama may appear in order to render accurately some informally spoken phrases, in poetry for metric reasons, or in literature for creating more concise expressions than formal Dama can do (e.g., it is more concise to say "ejabo" (a cow), than "muto jabo", or "taino" (blue colour) than "tina buwo". | ||
:With verbs: (-e) | |||
u- =BE BO, causative verb; e- =KIJE BO, passive verb; a- =KIRO MA BO, reflexive verb. | |||
The common way of forming causative verbs is through the verb BE "to do"; so, UN KUBA TIWA RIJON, KIRO JAAKON A KAWE, O BE "not only its footprints, I will show you the lion itself"; informal Dama: KIRO JAAKON A MA UKAWE". UKAWE =I make (you) see, I show (you). The causative verb marked by U- should not take 2 objects both in accusative, because that would bring confusion: *A TON JAAKON UKAWE is bad syntax, must not be used; instead, the last object (object of object) must be kept in accusative (-ON -E or -EN -O) and the first object of the causative verb should be shown as an indirect object (e.g. with -MA). | |||
:With adverbs: (-a) | |||
u- =WOMAN MIBA, comparative degree, "more than": UKÚTA=higher; e- =WOMAN BUNA, less than: EKÚTA =less high; a- =BUMAN MIBA, superlative: "to the highest degree" / "more than all others": AKÚTA =on the highest / higher than all others. | |||
::Prefixes to verbs and adverbs were only suspected before 2017 February 24. May be used in the future, but only as sparingly as possible. With these, informal Dama Diwan completes all possibilities for affixation, all possible use of the 3 vowels. | |||
===== Highly accurate Dama Diwan / miba jeto Dama Diwan ===== | ===== Highly accurate Dama Diwan / miba jeto Dama Diwan ===== | ||