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Ín Duári: Difference between revisions
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===Nouns=== | ===Nouns=== | ||
Nouns inflect for gender, number and case. There are four main noun classes and three peripheral ones. The first four classes denote mostly humans, higher animals, lower animals and plants or natural phenomena, and natural inanimate objects. Nouns in the third class contains mostly body parts. The next two denote verbal nouns, abstract concepts, and miscellaneous objects. The final class contains only a few common nouns, mostly inanimate. | Nouns inflect for gender, number and case. There are four main noun classes and three peripheral ones. The first four classes denote mostly humans, higher animals, lower animals and plants or natural phenomena, and natural inanimate objects. Nouns in the third class contains mostly body parts. The next two denote verbal nouns, abstract concepts, and miscellaneous objects. The final class contains only a few common nouns, mostly inanimate. | ||
These nouns have been organized by traditional grammarians according to five declensions, each reflecting their general semantic domain and their inflectional paradigm. These are known as the ''Toma'', ''Reváni'', ''Thuhar'', ''Chernwin'', ''Ardhen'' and ''Nieri'' Declensions. | |||
The first class, called the ''Toma''-class (''toma'' means "primary, foremost"), is reserved almost exclusively for humans and certain domesticated animals; a few exceptions occur, such as weapons, or toponyms that are clearly of Golahát origin. Nouns in the ''Toma-''class end in either a final ''-e'', ''-n'', ''-en'', or ''-ne'' in the nominative singular, depending on whether the root ends in a vowel or consonant. Notice that the Accusative is unmarked. Plurality is indicated by CV- reduplication of the first syllable of the root, plus an optional ''-ha'' final suffix added to the case suffix. | The first class, called the ''Toma''-class (''toma'' means "primary, foremost"), is reserved almost exclusively for humans and certain domesticated animals; a few exceptions occur, such as weapons, or toponyms that are clearly of Golahát origin. Nouns in the ''Toma-''class end in either a final ''-e'', ''-n'', ''-en'', or ''-ne'' in the nominative singular, depending on whether the root ends in a vowel or consonant. Notice that the Accusative is unmarked. Plurality is indicated by CV- reduplication of the first syllable of the root, plus an optional ''-ha'' final suffix added to the case suffix. | ||
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| colspan="2" style="text-align: center|talar | | colspan="2" style="text-align: center|talar | ||
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center|ren | | colspan="2" style="text-align: center|ren | ||
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center|nevwin | |||
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center|artan | | colspan="2" style="text-align: center|artan | ||
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center| | | colspan="2" style="text-align: center|vidhri | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Meaning | ! Meaning | ||
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| colspan="2" style="text-align: center|child | | colspan="2" style="text-align: center|child | ||
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center|tree | | colspan="2" style="text-align: center|tree | ||
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center|hand | |||
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center|speech | | colspan="2" style="text-align: center|speech | ||
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center| | | colspan="2" style="text-align: center|home | ||
|} | |} | ||