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====Aspect and tense====
====Aspect and tense====
There are 2 aspectual infixes and two tense infixes. The language shows main aspect differentiation by ablaut /a/=>/e/ and /o/=>/u/. In the following X represents a dummy vowel in infixes, determined by the vowel quality of the word.
Primary aspect (as covered in the section on [[#Aspect|verbal aspect]]) is shown through ablaut of the root's vowel structure in the following way:


The aspectual infixes are frequentative '''-ts-''' and inchoative '''-sp-'''.
From imperfective to perfective:
The tense aspects are future '''-kXy-''', and past '''-rX-'''.
*'''a => e'''
They can theoretically all together be infixed onto a verb, or participle. Grouping the tense aspects gives a special meaning, depending on which comes
*'''o => u'''  


so an example with the imperfect active participle of the root ayt- (to run) "yát", meaning a running thing when used in apposition, or a runner when used alone:
Further are 2 aspectual infixes and two tense infixes. In the following X represents a dummy vowel in infixes, determined by the vowel quality of the word.
 
*The aspectual infixes are frequentative '''-ts-''' and inchoative '''-sp-'''.
*The tense aspects are future '''-kXy-''', and past '''-rX-'''.
 
All of these can theoretically all together be infixed onto a verb, or participle. Grouping the tense aspects gives a special meaning, depending on which comes
 
So an example with the imperfect active participle of the root '''ayt-''' (to run) '''"yát"''', meaning a '''running thing''' when used in apposition, or a '''runner''' when used alone:


*'''yát''' - a runner
*'''yát''' - a runner
*'''yáts''' - a frequent runner ('''yát'''+'''ts'''=>'''yáts''')
*'''yáts''' - a frequent runner ('''yát'''+'''ts'''=>'''yáts''')
*'''yátasp''' - a beginning runner
*'''yátasp''' - a beginning runner (double entendre: could be a beginner to the sport, or someone taking off running: '''''yataspín''''' would be runners starting at their mark)
*'''yátkay''' - a future runner
*'''yátkay''' - a future runner
*'''yátra''' - a former runner
*'''yátra''' - a former runner
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*'''yatsasparákay''' - a person who began to run frequently and then stopped
*'''yatsasparákay''' - a person who began to run frequently and then stopped


so the case endings are added to the ends of these forms, just as the verb endings would be added to the end as well, cf:
The case endings are added to the ends of these forms, just as the verb endings would be added to the end as well, cf:
 
*'''aytaín''' - they run, are running
*'''aytsaín''' - they frequently run
*'''aytaspaín''' - they begin running
*'''aytraín''' - they were running in the past
*'''aytkayaín''' - they will be running in the future


'''aytaín''' (they run, are running) => '''aytsaín''' (they frequently run), '''aytaspaín''' (they begin running), '''aytraín''' (they ran in the past), '''aytkayaín''' (they will be running in the future), and of course the possible but ungodly '''aytsasprakayaín''' (they were beginning to be about to be running frequently but then didn't)
and of course the possible but ungodly:
*'''aytsasprakayaín''' - they were beginning to be about to be running frequently but then didn't


====Diminutives and augmentatives====
====Diminutives and augmentatives====
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