Rówok: Difference between revisions

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Dictionary entries are listed with principal parts in the following order:
Dictionary entries are listed with principal parts in the following order:


*'''lemma''' - definition; '''finite verbal stem'''-, '''participial stem''' (de facto the nom/erg singular imperfect active participle), '''vocative stem'''+, '''ergative/nominative form''', '''oblique stem'''-, '''adverbial form'''
*'''lemma''' - definition; '''finite verbal stem'''-, '''participial stem''' (de facto the nom/erg singular imperfect active participle), '''vocative stem'''+, '''ergative form''', '''oblique stem'''-, '''adverbial form'''
:+The similative and partitive cases are also based on the vocative stem, as well as adjectives.
:+The similative and partitive cases are also based on the vocative stem, as well as adjectives.


As explained above in the [[#Phonology|phonology section]], verbal stems tend to group in (C)VCC and participial stems in (C)V(C)C; nominative/ergative stems tend to be CVCVC, and oblique nominal stems CCVC if allowed by [[#Phonotactics|phonotactics]]. Unstressed epenthetics are inserted where needed, giving possible ^VCC(C/V) instead of expected CC(C/V), or CVCVC instead of expected CCVC.
As explained above in the [[#Phonology|phonology section]], verbal stems tend to group in (C)VCC and participial stems in (C)V(C)C; ergative stems tend to be CVCVC, and oblique nominal stems CCVC if allowed by [[#Phonotactics|phonotactics]]. Unstressed epenthetics are inserted where needed, giving possible ^VCC(C/V) instead of expected CC(C/V), or CVCVC instead of expected CCVC.


Examples, starting with theme vowel [a]:
Examples, starting with theme vowel [a]:
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=====Finite verbal stem=====
=====Finite verbal stem=====
The finite verbal stem is characterized by vowel clusters grouped on the right side of the root's vowel structure.
 
It is used, well, to form finite [[#Verbs|verbs]].
 
=====Participial stem=====
=====Participial stem=====
(de facto the nom/erg singular imperfect active participle)
The participial stem is the de facto [[#Ergative|ergative]] [[#Number|singular]] [[#Aspect|imperfect]] [[#Voice|active]] form of the [[#Participles|participle]].


=====Vocative stem=====
=====Vocative stem=====
The vocative stem is perhaps a misnomer, as it is used to form not only the [[#Vocative|vocative]] case, but also the [[#Partitive|partitive]] and [[#Similative|similative]] cases, as well as to form many [[#Compound words|compounds]].


=====Ergative form=====
=====Ergative form=====
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The adverbial form of a verb has a couple of meanings:
The adverbial form of a verb has a couple of meanings:
*as a simple adverb
*as a simple adverb
*following a noun in the [[#Nominative/ergative|nominative]] it functions as an [[#Adjectives|adjective]]
*following a noun in the [[#Ergative|ergative]] it functions as an [[#Adjectives|adjective]]
*following a noun in the [[#Instrumental/(a)comitative|instrumental]] it functions like a Latin [[:w:Ablative absolute|ablative absolute]].
*following a noun in the [[#Instrumental/(a)comitative|instrumental]] it functions like a Latin [[:w:Ablative absolute|ablative absolute]].


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===Nouns===
===Nouns===
Nouns in Rówok are declined for the following:
*case
*number
For more cf. [[#Participles|participles]].
For more cf. [[#Participles|participles]].


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=====Vocative=====
=====Vocative=====
The nominative form of the noun is one of the [[#Roots and principle parts|principle parts]].
The ergative form of the noun is one of the [[#Roots and principle parts|principle parts]].


It does not have an ending, but is realized as the minimum extension of the root's vowel structure.
It does not have an ending, but is realized as the minimum extension of the root's vowel structure.
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The vocative as a stem is also used in many nominal [[#Compounding|compounds]], as well as for the base of the [[#Similative|similative case]].
The vocative as a stem is also used in many nominal [[#Compounding|compounds]], as well as for the base of the [[#Similative|similative case]].


=====Nominative/ergative=====
=====Ergative=====
The nominative form of the noun is one of the [[#Roots and principle parts|principle parts]].
The ergative form of the noun is one of the [[#Roots and principle parts|principle parts]].


It does not have an ending (except for rare circumstances to mark [[#Gender|gender]]); instead it is realized as the full extension of the root's vowel structure.  
It does not have an ending (except for rare circumstances to mark [[#Gender|gender]]); instead it is realized as the full extension of the root's vowel structure.  
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*when the subject is the agent of a transitive action
*when the subject is the agent of a transitive action


Subjects of verbs in the active voice are in the [[#Nominative/ergative|nominative]].
Subjects of verbs in the active voice are in the [[#Ergative|ergative]].


=====Middle voice=====
=====Middle voice=====
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#when the subject or subjects of a transitive verb are also the patient, such as '''shaving''', or '''looking oneself in the mirror'''
#when the subject or subjects of a transitive verb are also the patient, such as '''shaving''', or '''looking oneself in the mirror'''


Subjects of verbs in the middle voice from examples 1-6 are in the [[#Nominative/ergative|nominative]], while subjects in example 7 are in the [[#Telic|telic]].
Subjects of verbs in the middle voice from examples 1-6 are in the [[#Ergative|ergative]], while subjects in example 7 are in the [[#Telic|telic]].


=====Passive voice=====
=====Passive voice=====
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