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User:Frrurtu/Sandbox2: Difference between revisions
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==History== | ==History== | ||
:''See also: [[w:Proto-Indo-European language|Proto-Indo-European]]'' | |||
Pre-??? evolved from the [[w:Proto-Indo-European language|Proto-Indo-European]] language spoken somewhere in the Eurasian steppes. The following are among the notable changes that occurred as the Pre-??? culture made its way into east Siberia: | |||
* Voiced aspirated consonants became devoiced (but kept their aspiration). | |||
* Short /e/ and /o/ were raised to /i/ and /u/ to make maximal use of the vowel space. | |||
:* Afterward, vowel length was lost, so /eː/ and /oː/ became simply /e/ and /o/. | |||
* Labialized consonants delabialized when adjacent to /u/ and /o/, and palatalized consonants depalatalized when adjacent to /i/. | |||
* The consonants /j/ and /w/ shifted to /ʒ/ and /v/. Unlike most Indo-European languages where syllabic /j/ and /w/ became vocalic /i/ and /u/, here they remained consonantal. | |||
:* When adjacent to a voiceless consonant, /ʒ/ and /v/ became /ʃ/ and /f/. | |||
* Syllabic consonants became disallowed: | |||
:* Syllabic /n/ and /r/ fronted to /e/, while syllabic /l/ vocalized to /o/. | |||
:* The other syllabic consonants (/j/, /w/, and /m/) took on an epenthetic /a/ to separate them from other consonants. /ʃ/ and /f/ kept their voicelessness when pulled out of consonant clusters, thus cementing them as new phonemes. | |||
* The dual number completely disappeared. | |||
* Thematic inflection paradigms for nouns of the three original grammatical genders (masculine, neuter, and feminine) merged, creating a fourth "thematic" gender. | |||
:* This gender adopted /qin/, a simplification of the Proto-Indo-European word for "other", as its pronoun. | |||
* Unlike most Indo-European languages, which simplified the robust case system of Proto-Indo-European, Pre-??? innovated two new cases under influence from nearby Siberian languages: | |||
:* A [[w:comitative case|comitative]], from the postposition /kum/ ("with") suffixed to the accusative. | |||
:* An [[w:illative case|illative]], from the postposition /xin/ ("in") suffixed to the dative. | |||
==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||