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Verse:Hmøøh/Talma/Literature: Difference between revisions
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===Verbs=== | ===Verbs=== | ||
*Binyan 1 verbs are verbs denoting intransitive actions ("come"), as well as stative verbs ("be cold") and some monotransitives. It is often considered the most basic form. | |||
*Binyan 2 contains many monotransitive verbs, ("eat") including causativizations of Binyan 1 verbs ("make happy"). | |||
*Binyan 1 verbs are verbs denoting intransitive actions ("come"), as well as stative verbs ("be cold"). It is often considered the most basic form | |||
*Binyan 2 contains | |||
*Binyan 3 consists of verbs denote reflexive/reciprocal action ("get dressed", "kiss each other"), or change of state ("thicken"). | *Binyan 3 consists of verbs denote reflexive/reciprocal action ("get dressed", "kiss each other"), or change of state ("thicken"). | ||
*Binyan 4 contains causatives of transitive verbs ("feed") (and of some Binyan 2 and Binyan 3 verbs). Causatives of statives in the imperfective aspect may denote active maintenance of a state (as opposed to changing a state in the perfective aspect). | *Binyan 4 contains causatives of transitive verbs ("feed") (and of some Binyan 2 and Binyan 3 verbs). Causatives of statives in the imperfective aspect may denote active maintenance of a state (as opposed to changing a state in the perfective aspect). | ||
*Binyan 5 is roughly equivalent to the German prefix ''be-'' (applicative). | |||
*Binyan 6 - telic, intensive | |||
*Binyan 7 - telic | |||
*Binyan 8 - "X a little, almost X" | |||
*Binyan 9 - "X in advance, X for oneself" (from the middle voice) | |||
*Binyan 10 verbs tend to express gradual processes. Ex. ''ħădhádhekh'' 'warm up (literally or romantically)'. | |||
*Binyan 11 - "mis-X, over-X" | |||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;" | {| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;" | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! 1 | ! 1 | ||
| ''1a2a3'' || ''-i12a3'' || ''1ō2i3'' || '' | | ''1a2a3'' || ''-i12a3'' || ''1ō2i3'' || ''1i2i3i'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 2 | ! 2 | ||
| '' | | ''1a2ō3'' || ''-a12ū3'' || ''1a2ī3'' || ''1a2ō3ā'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 3 | ! 3 | ||
| Line 226: | Line 230: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 4 | ! 4 | ||
| '' | | ''ʔa12i3'' || ''-i1ːi2u3'' || ''ma12a3'' || ''ʔa12a3āʔ'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 5 | ! 5 | ||
| ''ta12u3'' || ''- | | ''ta12u3'' || ''-ut1a2i3'' || ''mut1a2u3'' || ''ta12ō3āʔ'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 6 | ! 6 | ||
| '' | | ''ʔir1a2a3'' || ''-ur1i2u3'' || ''mur1i2u3'' || ''ʔur1a2i3i'' | ||
|- | |||
! 7 | |||
| ''ʔirta1a2u3'' || ''-urta1a2i3'' || ''murta1a2u3'' || ''tirta1a2ī3i'' | |||
|- | |||
! 8 | |||
| ''ʔi21a2i3'' || ''-i21i2u3'' || ''mu21ā2u3'' || ''ʔu21a2i3i'' | |||
|- | |||
! 9 | |||
| ''1aš2u3'' || ''-u1iš2u3'' || ''mu1aš2u3'' || ''tu1aš2i3i'' | |||
|- | |||
! 10 | |||
| ''1a2ā2i3'' || ''-i12i2u3'' || ''mu12ā2u3'' || ''tu12a2u3i'' | |||
|- | |||
! 11 | |||
| ''1i31a2u3'' || ''-i1a31i2u3'' || ''mu1i31ā2u3'' || ''tu1i31a2i3i'' | |||
|} | |} | ||
<sup>1</sup> Shortens to ''i'' when a suffix is added. | <sup>1</sup> Shortens to ''i'' when a suffix is added. | ||