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Cwengâr: Difference between revisions
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===Other Mutations=== | ====Other Mutations==== | ||
When a word that ends with a vowel and the next begins with one, a "h" is prefixed to it. This also occurs when a noun beginning with a vowel is anything aside from the subject. | When a word that ends with a vowel and the next begins with one, a "h" is prefixed to it. This also occurs when a noun beginning with a vowel is anything aside from the subject. | ||
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The combination of these two may make it difficult to distinguish the direct object from the subject in the sentance, thus when a word beginning with a vowel or a sonorant are the direct object, then "e" is said before it. | The combination of these two may make it difficult to distinguish the direct object from the subject in the sentance, thus when a word beginning with a vowel or a sonorant are the direct object, then "e" is said before it. | ||
===Pluralization=== | ====Genitive Case==== | ||
In Cwengâr, the possessive is expressed with a hard declension on the possessed object. | |||
A series of possessive pronouns in a row results simply in a long line of hard mutations. Adjectives are avoided if possible in favour of relative terms [My ball which is red rather than my red ball] though both forms are acceptable. | |||
"Gwuf rhà cwarhôn, cwŷnelyc'hâm rhà lho nâd" | |||
"E âd?" | |||
"Te dy e rhà nàl nàlhun rynàlŷnon nulylân fon nôlamon." | |||
"E cwân âd lho?" | |||
"Cwân âd a hen êrô ed dôngân dy dulh rhà." | |||
"Before you die, you should know of this of us." | |||
"What?" | |||
"I am your father's brother's nephew's cousin's former roommate." | |||
"What does that make us?" | |||
"It makes [us] nothing as I will soon make of you." | |||
====Pluralization==== | |||
Words are pluralized by adding "-àf" if the last vowel is masculine and "-aff" if feminine. | Words are pluralized by adding "-àf" if the last vowel is masculine and "-aff" if feminine. | ||
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===Prepositions=== | ===Prepositions=== | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left; vertical-align:middle; width:450px;" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left; vertical-align:middle; width:450px;" | ||
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!width="30%"|Fem | !width="30%"|Fem | ||
! width="40%"|English | ! width="40%"|English | ||
|- | |||
|E | |||
|E | |||
|Passive | |||
|- | |- | ||
|Ngo | |Ngo | ||
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Words which begin with vowels following these are pronounced and written withwith with a "h" preceding them or "n" in the case of possessives. | Words which begin with vowels following these are pronounced and written withwith with a "h" preceding them or "n" in the case of possessives. | ||
The "e" preposition is used to mark an object in a sentance where either the subject is omitted or for whatever reason, the object could be confused with the subject, prior to objects beginning with a sonorant in particular as the lack of mutation causes these nouns to be otherwise indistinguishable between adjectival and genitive forms. | |||
The accusative mutation or direct object form is used more than in Fén, primarily with two cases with "''Te''" which serves a parallel role to "Be" and as the subject of a discussion or sight. | The accusative mutation or direct object form is used more than in Fén, primarily with two cases with "''Te''" which serves a parallel role to "Be" and as the subject of a discussion or sight. | ||
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Thus; | Thus; | ||
*"Cwâr lho | *"Cwâr lho ffedàf." could mean either "He speaks lies" or "He speaks on the subject of lying". However, this is typically decipherable from context. An expression which wanted to incorporate both would "ned" as a verb or adverb as well, thus "Ned lho ffedàf" which could translate to "He lies about lies" or "He lyingly speaks about lies". | ||
*Ngo/Nge is a critical term for expressing opposition, "Cwâr lho | *Ngo/Nge is a critical term for expressing opposition, "Cwâr lho ffedàf ngesh" would translate as "He speaks lies against me" which would have the same connotations as "prosecute" or "testify against" in English. This is used in many cases in English where a direct object could be used, if the object is one who suffers or is targeted by the verb. Thus one attacks against you, rather than simply attacking you. | ||
*The use of Dulh/Tyl, Dà/Ta and Dàf/Taff are fairly apparent and | *The use of Dulh/Tyl, Dà/Ta and Dàf/Taff are fairly apparent and not unlike their use in English, with some exceptions. Thus, one could say, "Cwâr lho ffedàf ngesh dàrh" or "He speaks lies against me to you". | ||
*Êrô and Ral are comparatives which follow after the noun which they are comparing. "Cwâr lho êrô lhutânŷl | *Êrô and Ral are comparatives which follow after the noun which they are comparing. "Cwâr lho êrô lhutânŷl ffedàf ngesh dàrh" or "He, like a mercenary, speaks lies against me to you." | ||
===Preposition Conjugation=== | ===Preposition Conjugation=== | ||
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If a pronoun is the object following a preposition, then it may be shortened by adding the above suffix after the preposition. This is not to be done when the pronoun is the possessor. | If a pronoun is the object following a preposition, then it may be shortened by adding the above suffix after the preposition. This is not to be done when the pronoun is the possessor. | ||
===Vocative=== | ===Vocative=== | ||
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This is a trickier case for gender as it is not always apparent. Typically it is determined by the gender of the noun which is being refered to by it, however if the gender is unclear [such as when asking a question or with a generality, such as the case of "What is it?"], one would use feminine traditionally. | |||
===Relative Clauses=== | ===Relative Clauses=== | ||