Dzetcavu: Difference between revisions

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Dzetcavu (view source)

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{{Infobox language
|image =
|imagesize =
|creator = [[User:iancgil|iancgil]]
|name = {{PAGENAME}}
|setting =
|nativename = '''Dzetcavu''
|pronunciation=[dze.tʃa.vu]
|region =
|familycolor=
|fam1= Proto-Dzetavu
|fam2=
|fam3=
|famr= Dzetcavu
|iso3=
|script=
|notice=IPA
}}
=Introduction=
=Introduction=
=Phonology=
=Phonology=
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!rowspan="2"|'''Plosive'''
!rowspan="2"|'''Plosive'''
!voicless
!voicless
|'''p''' /p/
|'''п''' /p/
|'''t''' /t/
|'''т''' /t/
|
|
|
|
|'''k''' /k/
|'''к''' /k/
|-
|-
!voiced
!voiced
|'''b''' /b/
|'''б''' /b/
|'''d''' /d/
|'''д''' /d/
|
|
|
|
|'''g''' /g/
|'''г''' /g/
|-
|-
!colspan="2"|'''Nasal'''
!colspan="2"|'''Nasal'''
|'''m''' /m/
|'''м''' /m/
|'''n''' /n/
|'''н''' /n/
|
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!voiceless
!voiceless
|
|
|'''f''' /f/
|'''ф''' /f/
|'''s''' /s/
|'''с''' /s/
|'''c''' /ʃ/
|'''ш''' /ʃ/
|'''x''' /x/
|'''x''' /x/
|-
|-
!voiced
!voiced
|
|
|'''v''' /v/
|'''в''' /v/
|'''z''' /z/
|'''з''' /z/
|'''j''' /ʒ/
|'''ж''' /ʒ/
|'''ĝ''' /ɣ/
|'''я''' /ɣ/
|-
|-
!colspan="2"|'''Trill'''
!colspan="2"|'''Trill'''
|
|
|
|
|'''r''' /r/
|'''р''' /r/
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|
|
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|'''l''' /l/
|'''л''' /l/
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!rowspan="2"|'''Affricate'''
!rowspan="2"|'''Affricate'''
!voiceless
!voiceless
|'''ps''' /ps/ <br/> '''pc''' /pʃ/ <br/> '''pf''' /pf/
|'''пс''' /ps/ <br/> '''пш''' /pʃ/ <br/> '''пф''' /pf/
|'''ts''' /ts/ <br/> '''tc''' /tʃ/
|'''тс''' /ts/ <br/> '''тш''' /tʃ/
|
|
|
|
|'''ks''' /ks/ <br/> '''kc''' /kʃ/
|'''кс''' /ks/ <br/> '''кш''' /kʃ/
|-
|-
!voiced
!voiced
|'''bz''' /bz/ <br/> '''bj''' /bʒ/ <br/> '''bv''' /bv/
|'''бз''' /bz/ <br/> '''бж''' /bʒ/ <br/> '''бв''' /bv/
|'''dz''' /dz/ <br/> '''dj''' /dʒ/
|'''дз''' /dz/ <br/> '''дж''' /dʒ/
|
|
|
|
|'''gz''' /gz/ <br/> '''gj''' /gʒ/
|'''гз''' /gz/ <br/> '''гж''' /gʒ/
|}
|}
==Vowels==
==Vowels==


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|-
|-
!'''Close'''
!'''Close'''
|'''i''' /i/
|'''и''' /i/
|'''u''' /u/
|'''у''' /u/
|'''ui''' /ui/
|'''уи''' /ui/
|-
|-
!'''Near-Close'''
!'''Near-Close'''
|'''ī''' /ɪ/
|'''й''' /ɪ/
|
|
|
|
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|'''e''' /e/
|'''e''' /e/
|'''o''' /o/
|'''o''' /o/
|'''ei''' /ei/
|'''eи''' /ei/
|-
|-
!'''Open'''
!'''Open'''
|'''a''' /a/
|'''a''' /a/
|
|
|'''ai''' /ai/
|'''aи''' /ai/
|}
|}


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==Romanized Alphabet==
==Romanized Alphabet==
''Dzetcavu Alphabetical Order''<br/>
''Dzetcavu Alphabetical Order''<br/>
p b t d k g m n r f v s z c j x ğ l i u ī e o a
p b t d k g m n r f v s z c j x ğ l i u ī e o a<br/>
''Cyrillic Alphabet''<br/>
п б т д к г м н р ф в с з ш ж х я л и у й е о а
 
=Syntax=
==Word Order==
*VOS/VPA
*Modifier second
 
=Morphology=
==Morphosyntactic Alignment==
*Ergative-Absolutive
==Verbs==
===Tense===
Tenses in Дзетшаву are indicated by tense particles proceeding the verb except for the present tense, indicated by the lack of tense particles . There are five tense particles: past, near past, future, near future, and the infinite.
 
'''''Past'''''<br/>
псио<br/>
 
'''''Near Past'''''<br/>
сега<br/>
 
'''''Future'''''<br/>
дегз<br/>
 
'''''Near Future'''''<br/>
шодз<br/>
 
'''''Infinite'''''<br/>
датшй
 
====The Infinite Particle====
The infinite "tense" particle is not so much a tense marker as a lack-of-tense marker. The infinite tense is used most often when stating facts or making promises and oaths. Any other situation where tense is not a factor, the infinite tense is used. It can also be used to make emphasize a declaration of some sort such as a declaration of faith, love, or guilt.
 
===Imperative Mood===
'''''-ij Verbs'''''
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
!rowspan="2"| !!colspan="2"|''Simple'' !!colspan="2"|''Progressive'' !!colspan="2"|''Perfect''
|-
! Singular !! Plural !! Singular !! Plural !! Singular !! Plural
|-
! 1st Person
| -и
| -иаш
| -ри
| -риш
| -ни
| -ниш
|-
! 2nd Person
| -из
| -ита
| -риз
| -рита
| -низ
| -низа
|-
! 3rd Person
| -иза
| -изев
| -ризе
| -рив
| -низе
| -нив
|}
 
'''''-uj Verbs'''''
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
!rowspan="2"| !!colspan="2"|''Simple'' !!colspan="2"|''Progressive'' !!colspan="2"|''Perfect''
|-
! Singular !! Plural !! Singular !! Plural !! Singular !! Plural
|-
! 1st Person
| -у
| -уйш
| -ру
| -руш
| -ну
| -нуш
|-
! 2nd Person
| -уз
| -утй
| -руз
| -рут
| -нуз
| -нут
|-
! 3rd Person
| -узй
| -узйв
| -рузй
| -рув
| -нузй
| -нув
|}
 
'''''-īj Verbs'''''
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
!rowspan="2"| !!colspan="2"|''Simple'' !!colspan="2"|''Progressive'' !!colspan="2"|''Perfect''
|-
! Singular !! Plural !! Singular !! Plural !! Singular !! Plural
|-
! 1st Person
| -й
| -йш
| -рй
| -рйш
| -нй
| -нйш
|-
! 2nd Person
| -йз
| -йт
| -рйз
| -рйт
| -нйз
| -нйт
|-
! 3rd Person
| -йзе
| -йв
| -рйзе
| -рйв
| -нйзе
| -нйв
|}
 
'''''-ej Verbs'''''
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
!rowspan="2"| !!colspan="2"|''Simple'' !!colspan="2"|''Progressive'' !!colspan="2"|''Perfect''
|-
! Singular !! Plural !! Singular !! Plural !! Singular !! Plural
|-
! 1st Person
| -е
| -eш
| -рe
| -рeш
| -нe
| -нeш
|-
! 2nd Person
| -eз
| -eта
| -рeз
| -рeт
| -нeз
| -нeт
|-
! 3rd Person
| -eзe
| -eзeв
| -рeзe
| -рeв
| -нeзe
| -нeв
|}
 
==Nouns==
===Pronominal Open Class Words===
Dzetcavu doesn't have any official pronouns. Instead, titles or a person's name are used to refer to who is being spoken to or about. The person that each title is under doesn't have to be used strictly in that person.
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
! Title !! Formality !! Notes
|-
!colspan="3"|First Person
|-
|хес || general || "speaker" used when one doesn't know the person or is speaking hypothetically
|-
!colspan="3"|Second Person
|-
|баи || general || "audience" used when one doesn't know the person or is speaking hypothetically
|-
|инес || informal || "acquaintance"
|-
|бвйртош || private || "female-mate" used to refer to a female companion that the speaker would or has reproduced with
|-
|аджутош || private || "male-mate" used to refer to a male companion that the speaker would or has reproduced with
|-
!colspan="3"|Third Person
|-
|тушт || general || "person" used when one doesn't know the person or is speaking hypothetically
|-
|гоис || general || "thing" best approximation of "it" and is used to anything without a consciousness including objects, and ideas
|-
|йска || general || "thing" used to refer to anything with a consciousness such as people and animals
|-
|епсй || general || "object" used to refer to some physical object
|}
 
=Sample Texts=
==Sentences==
Tezu pcak.<br/>Тезу пшак.<br/>''“I see [the] sky.”''<br/><br/>
 
Vakri datcī bai.<br/>Вакри датшй баи.<br/>''“I love you.” (declaration)''<br/><br/>
 
Tezu xes.<br/>Тезу хес.<br/>''“I see myself.”''<br/><br/>
 
Vakri nosītc xesdev bai.<br/>Вакри носйтш хесдев баи.<br/>''“I love you with my heart.”''<br/><br/>
 
Vakri xesov.<br/>Вакри хесов.<br/>''“I love us.”''<br/><br/>
 
Tezu lubzīr xesdev.<br/>Тезу лубзйр хесдев.<br/>''“I see my nose.”''<br/><br/>
 
Modkrī tezuj bai.<br/>Модкрй тезуж баи.<br/>''“I am wishing to see you”.''<br/><br/>
 
Adric tceks.<br/>Адриш тшекс.<br/>''“We are drinking water.”''<br/><br/>
 
 
[[Category: Languages]][[Category:A priori]][[Category:Dzetcavu Language]][[Category:Ergative-absolutive languages]]
Iancgil
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