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=== Consonant Mutation === | === Consonant Mutation === | ||
Gallifreyan takes a lot from the Welsh and Gaelic consonant mutation ruleset, and, as the Celtic languages, the mutation is mostly initial in Modern Gallifreyan except in some archaic words that still play by the Old High Gallifreyan agglutinative system. This exceptions are mostly rare and are commonly dropped in casual speech. Gallifreyan has three mutations. These mutations are only phonetical and are not represented on writing. | |||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Standard !! | ! Standard !! 1st Degree !! 2nd Degree !! Implosive !! English | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''p'''orʏm || '''b'''orʏm || ''' | | '''p'''orʏm || '''b'''orʏm || '''v'''orʏm || || ''cable'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''t'''od͡ʒeθiesk || '''d'''od͡ʒeθiesk || ''' | | '''t'''od͡ʒeθiesk || '''d'''od͡ʒeθiesk || '''θ'''od͡ʒeθiesk || || ''mouth'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''k'''ɒmor || '''g'''amor || ''' | | '''k'''ɒmor || '''g'''amor || '''x'''amor || || ''child'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''t͡s'''iria || || ''' | | '''t͡s'''iria || || '''z'''iria || || ''aunt'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''t͡ʃ'''oupri || '''d͡ʒ'''oupri || || || elbow | | '''t͡ʃ'''oupri || '''d͡ʒ'''oupri || || || ''elbow'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''x'''ejuvχan || '''ɣ'''ejuvχan || || || ask | | '''x'''ejuvχan || '''ɣ'''ejuvχan || || || ''ask'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''ɲ'''ad͡ʒe || '''ɳ'''ad͡ʒe || || || fish | | '''ɲ'''ad͡ʒe || '''ɳ'''ad͡ʒe || || || ''fish'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''b'''rialenk || || || '''ɓ'''rialenk || cage | | '''b'''rialenk || || || '''ɓ'''rialenk || ''cage'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''g'''oneθ || || || '''ɠ'''oneθ || sun | | '''g'''oneθ || || || '''ɠ'''oneθ || ''sun'' | ||
|} | |} | ||
==== | ==== 1st Degree Mutation ==== | ||
The general rule is that voiceless consonants become voiced or disappear entirely. The only exception is the nasal phoneme [ɲ] that becomes [ɳ]. | |||
This devoicing mutation is common when any word is next to any of the following situations: | |||
* Nature or People class singular nouns with the article "due" or the word for one. | |||
* Quality nouns accompanied by a quantifier. | |||
* Momentary quality nouns used with nature or people class singular nouns. | |||
* Words following spatial prepositions. | |||
* Nouns following the number two | |||
* Nouns after the 2nd and 3rd singular possessives. | |||
* The second or third element of compound words. | |||
* Verbs with aspect markers. | |||
* Verbs in the negative form. | |||
==== | ==== 2nd Degree Mutation ==== | ||
Voiceless stops and the affricate [t͡s] become fricatives. This mutation happens in any of the following scenarios: | |||
* After the conjunction "and". | |||
* After any of the "with" prepositions. | |||
* Singular nouns of the Space class after the number three. | |||
==== Prosthesis ==== | ==== Prosthesis ==== |
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